The elements, As, Xe, Fe, Li, B, Cl, Ba, P, I, Si has to be identified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. Concept Introduction: According to physical and chemical properties, the elements can be further divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids. In a group, the metallic character of an element increases from top to bottom whereas in a period, it decreases from left to right. Metals are elements that usually contain 1-3 outer shell electrons. Metals look shining and lustrous and are malleable and ductile. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. They have low ionization energy and tend to lose electrons forming cations. They are most likely to form ionic compounds. Nonmetals are elements that usually contain 4-8 outer shell electrons. They cannot conduct heat and electricity and are brittle. Also they have high electron affinities and tend to gain electrons forming anions. They are most likely to form molecular compounds. Metalloids are elements having intermediate properties of metals and nonmetals. Comparing to metals, metalloids are poor conductors but under certain conditions they can act as electrical conductors. They look shining and lustrous like metals yet they are brittle like nonmetals. The classification elements in the periodic table as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids can be given as
The elements, As, Xe, Fe, Li, B, Cl, Ba, P, I, Si has to be identified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. Concept Introduction: According to physical and chemical properties, the elements can be further divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids. In a group, the metallic character of an element increases from top to bottom whereas in a period, it decreases from left to right. Metals are elements that usually contain 1-3 outer shell electrons. Metals look shining and lustrous and are malleable and ductile. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. They have low ionization energy and tend to lose electrons forming cations. They are most likely to form ionic compounds. Nonmetals are elements that usually contain 4-8 outer shell electrons. They cannot conduct heat and electricity and are brittle. Also they have high electron affinities and tend to gain electrons forming anions. They are most likely to form molecular compounds. Metalloids are elements having intermediate properties of metals and nonmetals. Comparing to metals, metalloids are poor conductors but under certain conditions they can act as electrical conductors. They look shining and lustrous like metals yet they are brittle like nonmetals. The classification elements in the periodic table as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids can be given as
Definition Definition Change in energy of a neutral gaseous atom when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.
Chapter 8, Problem 8.5QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The elements, As, Xe, Fe, Li, B,Cl, Ba, P, I, Si has to be identified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Concept Introduction:
According to physical and chemical properties, the elements can be further divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.
In a group, the metallic character of an element increases from top to bottom whereas in a period, it decreases from left to right.
Metals are elements that usually contain 1-3 outer shell electrons. Metals look shining and lustrous and are malleable and ductile. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. They have low ionization energy and tend to lose electrons forming cations. They are most likely to form ionic compounds.
Nonmetals are elements that usually contain 4-8 outer shell electrons. They cannot conduct heat and electricity and are brittle. Also they have high electron affinities and tend to gain electrons forming anions. They are most likely to form molecular compounds.
Metalloids are elements having intermediate properties of metals and nonmetals. Comparing to metals, metalloids are poor conductors but under certain conditions they can act as electrical conductors. They look shining and lustrous like metals yet they are brittle like nonmetals.
The classification elements in the periodic table as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids can be given as
Which of the following lists contain an alkali metal, a halogen and a metalloid
(semi-metal) in that order?
Fe, Ar, Br
Na, Cl, Ne
K, F, Si
Ве, I, Ga
Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.
(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B?
(b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons?
(c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons.
(d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas.
(e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine.
(f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?
When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms an oxoacid with the same oxidation number as the nonmetal. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids: (a) hypochlorous acid; (b) chlorous acid; (c) chloric acid; (d) perchloric acid; (e) sulfuric acid; (f ) sulfurous acid; (g) nitric acid; (h) nitrous acid; (i) carbonic acid; ( j) phosphoric acid.