Chapter 8, Problem 86QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The fraction of the total volume of the glass that should be left empty for adding ice needs to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

• Chemical reactions in general involve exchange of heat between the system (reactants and products) and the surroundings. The heat (q) absorbed or evolved is given as: $\begin{array}{l}\text{q = m ×c×ΔT ------(2)}\\ \text{where:}\\ \text{m and c are the mass and specific heat of the substance respectively}\text{.}\\ \text{ΔT}={\text{ T}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-T}}_{\text{1}}\\ {\text{where T}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ and T}}_{\text{1}}\text{ are the final and initial temperatures of the solution}\text{.}\end{array}$
• Enthalpy change of a given reaction, ΔH is essentially the heat flow (q) that accompanies a reaction that occurs under constant pressure conditions.

that is ${\text{ΔH = q}}_{\text{p}}$

• The heat energy absorbed when a solid melts is termed as the enthalpy of fusion (ΔH_fus ) and that when a liquid vaporizes is termed as the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH_vap ).