Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781269870818
Author: Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 8TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that biochemical pathways are too complex to have evolved because all intermediate steps in a given pathway must be present to produce the final product. Critique this argument. How could you use the diversity of
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A dichotomous key works by determining positive and negative reactions to different biochemicals. Why does this method allow us to identify one species of organism from another? – for this question, do not describe the dichotomous key procedure, think about why it works, what are biochemical reactions based on? Think enzymatic pathways, what are enzymes, what are they a reflection of? Keep the answer between 2-3 sentences
Examine the figure below, which compares the energetics of a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction during
the progress of the reaction from substrate (S) to product (P). The highest peak in such a diagram
corresponds to the transition state, which is an unstable, high-energy arrangement of substrate atoms
that is intermediate between substrate and product. The free energy required to surmount this barrier
to the reaction is termed the activation energy. Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy,
thereby allowing a more rapid approach to equilibrium.
UNCATALYZED
activation
energy
progress of reaction
CATALYZED
activation
energy
S ES
|
progress of reaction
free energy
free energy
Give one example of a disease related to heart and briefly explain the molecular basis of the disease. apply the concepts about the inter-relatedness of metabolic pathways.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
Ch. 8.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How does the second law of...Ch. 8.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the...Ch. 8.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 8.2 - VISUAL SKILLS How would the processes of...Ch. 8.2 - WHAT IF? Some nighttime partygoers wear glow-in-...Ch. 8.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 8.11a show passive...Ch. 8.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...
Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 8.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Explain how the highly ordered structure of a cell...Ch. 8 - Explain the meaning of each component in the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ATP cycle: How is ATP used and...Ch. 8 - How do both activation energy barriers and enzymes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5CRCh. 8 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 8 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 8 - Some bacteria art metabolically active in hot...Ch. 8 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 8 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYU
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- Which statement about metabolic pathways is false? OA. A specific enzyme catalyzes each transformational step. B. Chemical transformations occur in a series of separate chemical reactions. O C. Inhibitors that target some key enzymes in a pathway can slow the rate of reaction. D. Activators that target some key enzymes in a pathway can increase the rate of reaction. E. In prokaryotes, reactions in a pathway are located in multiple compartments.arrow_forwardConsider the biochemical pathway below, where A, B, and C are substrates and products and E1 and E2 are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Enzyme 1 (E1) can utilize which of the following? either A or B as substrate, but not both. only B as substrate. both A and B as substrates. neither A nor B as substrate. only A as substrate.arrow_forwardUsing a series of arrows, draw the branch metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the questions at the end. Use red arrows and X minus signs (-) to indicate inhibitions. The image below gives you an idea of how to start out for creating the pathway. m a. L can form either M or N b. M can form O c. O can form either P or R d. P can form Q e. R can form S f. O inhibits the reaction of L to form M g. Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P h. S inhibits the reaction of O to form R Which step(s), if any, in the above pathway above exhibit feedback inhibition? Selected Answer: Answers: f and a f, g, and hi f and a g harrow_forward
- nzymes play a fundamental role in cell function. Regarding the biochemistry of enzymes, which of the following statements is correct? A. Most enzymes can bind and react with a wide range of different substrate molecules. B. Enzymes increase the rate of a spontaneous reaction by lowering the ΔG. C. Enzymes increase the enthalpy (H) of the products compared to the reactants. D. Enzymes increase the number of molecules that get to the transition state.arrow_forwardA dichotomous key works by determining positive and negative reactions to different biochemicals. Why does this method allow us to identify one species of organism from another? For this question, do not describe the dichotomous key procedure, think about why it works, what are biochemical reactions based on? Think enzymatic pathways, what are enzymes, what are they a reflection of?arrow_forwardWhich metabolic reaction is convergent? Why?arrow_forward
- A hypothetical three-step metabolic pathway consists of intermediates W, X, Y, and Z and enzymes A, B, and C. Deduce the order of the enzymatic steps in the pathway from the following information: 1. Compound Q, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme B, causes Z to build up. 2. A mutant in enzyme C requires Y for growth. 3. An inhibitor of enzyme A causes W, Y, and Z to accumulate. 4. Compound P, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme C, causes W and Z to build up.arrow_forwardMost enzymes are quite specific, catalyzing a particular reaction on a set of substrates that are structurally quite similar to one another. Why are highly specific enzymes advantageous from a biological perspective? They allow catalyzed reactions to produce potentially useful by-products. They allow for the sharing of enzymes by multiple metabolic pathways. They allow an inhibitor to simultaneously inhibit multiple steps in a metabolic pathway. They allow control of which reactions occur at appreciable rates. Why are most enzymes highly specific from a chemical perspective? Enzymes generally requires a tight fit between enzyme and substrate. Interactions between the enzyme and the substrate stabilize the substrate. The active sites of enzymes are always identical in shape to the substrates they bind. The formation of weak interactions between the enzyme and the substrate requires energy.arrow_forwardDiscuss how enzymes make life possible from a biochemical perspective. Include activation energy barrier,rate of reaction,metabolic regulation, substrate specificity and spontainity of reactionarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following statements about an enzyme active site is true or false. a. It is the location where substrate molecules are produced. b. It always has a fixed, rigid geometry. c. It always has a geometrical shape exactly complementary to that of substrate. d. It always accomodates several structurally related substrates. e. It is the location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules. f. It always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it. g. it always accomodates only one specific substrate.arrow_forwardThe figure above represents changes in different types of metabolic pathways (y-axis) as energy charge in a cell (x-axis) changes. What is the best description of the types of reactions shown by the green line labeled "A"? a) Catabolic, energy-consuming pathways b) Anabolic, energy-consuming pathways c) Anabolic, energy-producing pathways d) Catabolic, energy-producing pathwaysarrow_forwardIt is said that “You are what you eat.” The molecules that we consume undergo biochemical reactions to be converted into the biological molecules that help our cells to perform many important roles. Explain the importance of a structural biological molecule and how its structure relates to its function. Describe or illustrate how biochemical reactions produce the biological molecule. You may find it helpful to include a diagram of the biological molecule as part of your response.arrow_forward
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