An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 8.1, Problem 13P
To determine
Verification of the statement that total energy
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Need help using Boltzmann's constant. If i'm trying to find average thermal velocity (Vrms) of a water droplet (spherical) and i'm given radius = 10^-6 m at 293.15 K, and the density of water is 0.997 g/mL (997 kg/m^3), how would i go about finding the Vrms? The droplet can also be treated as an ideal gas particle.
P2D.8 Use the fact that (∂U/∂V)T = a/Vm2for a van der Waals gas (Topic 1C)to show that μCp,m ≈ (2a/RT) − b by using the definition of μ and appropriaterelations between partial derivatives. Hint: Use the approximation pVm ≈ RTwhen it is justifiable to do so.
Assume a hydrogen atom is a sphere with diameter 0.100 nm and a hydrogen molecule consists of two such spheres in contact. (a) What fraction of the space in a tank of hydrogen gas at 0°C and 1.00 atm is occupied by the hydrogen molecules themselves? (b) What fraction of the space within one hydrogen atom is occupied by its nucleus, of radius 1.20 fm?
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- What properties of a nonideal gas do the van der Waals constants a and b represent?arrow_forwardSuppose you have an ideal gas of fermions at room temperature (293 K). How large must E EF be for Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics to agree to within 1%? Do you think the agreement is within 1% for ideal gases under normal conditions?arrow_forwardConsider a hollow-core printed circuit board 9 cm high and 18 cm long, dissipating a total of 15 W. The width of the air gap in the middle of the PCB is 0.25 cm. If the cooling air enters the 12-cm-wide core at 25°C and 1 atm at a rate of 0.8 L/s, determine the average temperature at which the air leaves the hollow core.arrow_forward
- What is the physical significance of hfg? Can it be obtained from a knowledge of hf and hg? How?arrow_forwardIn a certain gas at room temperature (300 K), the energy levels of its particles are separated by 0.1 eV. Calculate the ratio of the number of particles in the second excited state (E = 0.3 eV) to the number of particles in the ground state (E = 0 eV) using the Boltzmann Factor formula. Give your answer to two decimal places.arrow_forwardCompute the escape speed of a particle from the Earth’s surface. Earth’s radius is 6378 km, and its mass is 5.98 x 1024 kg. (b) Find the mean speed for a helium atom at a temperature of 293 K. (c) Comment on the fact that your answer to (b) is less than the answer to (a). Why then does helium not remain in the atmosphere in signifi cant quantities?arrow_forward
- The three lowest energy levels of a hydrogen atom are -13.6 eV, -3.4 eV, and -1.5 eV. Assume that there is only one way to occupy any one of these levels. Calculate the relative probability that a hydrogen atom in thermal equilibrium in a star, at temperature T = 9674 K, is in its first excited state (at -3.4 eV) relative to its ground state (at -13.6 eV). Write your answer in exponential form. Recall that Boltzmann's constant can be written as 8.617 x 10-5 eV K-1.arrow_forward(b) Calculate the half width in nanometers for Doppler broadening of the 4s S 4p transition for atomic nickel at 361.939 nm (3619.39 Å) at a temperature of 20,000 K in both wavelength and frequency units. (e) Calculate the speed that an iron atom undergoing the 4s S 4p transition at 385.9911 nm (3859.911 Å) would have if the resulting line appeared at the rest wavelength for the same transition in nickel. (f) Compute the fraction of a sample of iron atoms at 10,000 K that would have the velocity calculatedin (e). (g) Create a spreadsheet to calculate the Doppler half width DlD in nanometers for the nickel and iron lines cited in (b) and (e) from 3000–10,000 K. (h) Consult the paper by Gornushkin et al. (note 10) and list the four sources of pressure broadening that they describe. Explain in detail how two of these sources originate in sample atoms.arrow_forwardDerive the perfect gas equation.arrow_forward
- Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter for some metal M, at 770 degree celcius. The energy used for vacancy formation is 0.86 eV/atom, while the density and atomic weights for the metal are 7.41 g/cm^3 and 66.58 g/mol.arrow_forwardBoltzmann distribution a) There are 1000 molecules are bouncing at 300K between two wells separated by a free energy gap G1= 3 * 10-21 J. Calculate how many particles on average are in each well. Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 * 10-23 J/K b) 1000 molecules are bouncing between wells separated by enthalpy gapsH1= 1 *10-20 J and H2 = 2* 10-20 J. Considering multiplicities of each state write the partitionfunction and calculate the occupancies of states 2 and 3 at 300K and 370K.arrow_forwardCalculate Z for a single oscillator in an Einstein solid at a temperature T = 2TE = 2Ɛ/kB.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning