Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

• A molecule must be cyclic.
• Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.
• The molecule must be planar.
• $\text{π-}$ Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of $\text{π-electrons}\text{.}$

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

• A molecule must be cyclic.
• Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.
• The molecule must be planar.
• $\text{π-}$ Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of $\text{π-electrons}\text{.}$

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

• A molecule must be cyclic.
• Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.
• The molecule must be planar.
• $\text{π-}$ Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of $\text{π-electrons}\text{.}$

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.