You can calculate the equilibrium constant for the dehydration of
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- The free energy change, G, for a process at constant temperature and pressure is related to Suniv and reflects the spontaneity of the process. How is G related to Suniv? When is a process spontaneous? Nonspontaneous? At equilibrium? G is a composite term composed of H, T, and S. What is the G equation? Give the four possible sign combinations for H and S. What temperatures are required for each sign combination to yield a spontaneous process? If G is positive, what does it say about the reverse process? How does the G = H TS equation reduce when at the melting-point temperature of a solid-to-liquid phase change or at the boiling-point temperature of a liquid-to-gas phase change? What is the sign of G for the solid-to-liquid phase change at temperatures above the freezing point? What is the sign of G for the liquid-to-gas phase change at temperatures below the boiling point?arrow_forwardA process that is reactant-favored at equilibrium can never be spontaneous. This statement is (a) true (b) falsearrow_forwardElemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 3/2 H2(g) B(s) + 3HCl(g) Calculate H, S, and G at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy driven or entropy driven?arrow_forward
- Use the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forwardEstimate the temperature range over which each of the following reactions is spontaneous. (a) 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)2AlCl3(s) (b) 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) (c) 4NO(g)+6H2O(g)4NH3(g)+5O2(g) (d) 2PH3(g)3H2(g)+2P(g)arrow_forwardIs the following reaction spontaneous as written? Explain. Do whatever calculation is needed to answer the question. CH4(g)+N2(g)HCN(g)+NH3(g)arrow_forward
- Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and melting of I2(s) (Note: the latter process can occur at the same temperature but somewhat higher pressure). I2(s)I2(g)I2(s)I2(l) Is S positive or negative in these processes? In which of the processes will the magnitude of the entropy change be greater?arrow_forwardSome metal oxides, such as lead(II) oxide, can be decomposed to the metal and oxygen simply by heating. PbO(s)Pb(s)+12O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition of lead(II) oxide product-favoredat 25 C? Explain. (b) If not, can it become so if the temperature is raised? (c) As the temperature increases, at what temperature doesthe reaction first become product-favored?arrow_forwardIodine, I2, dissolves readily in carbon tetrachloride. For this process, H = 0 kJ/mol. I2(s) I2 (in CCl4 solution) What is the sign of rG? Is the dissolving process entropy-driven or enthalpy-driven? Explain briefly.arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction NH4+(aq) H+(aq)+NH3(aq) Use G f for NH3(aq) at 25C=26.7 kJ/mol and the appropriate tables to calculate (a) G at 25C (b) Ka at 25Carrow_forwardWhat is a spontaneous reaction?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for a reaction decreases as temperature increases. Explain how this observation is used to determine the sign of either H or S.arrow_forward
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