Concept explainers
Fill-in-the-Blank
The genetic material of all living organisms is _________, which is contained in chromosomes. A gene is a part of a chromosome found at a specific place, or__________. Alternate forms of a gene are called __________ LO1 LO5
To review:
The blank space in the statement, “the genetic material of all living organism is _____, which is contained in chromosomes. A gene is a part of the chromosome found at a specific place or________. Alternate forms of the gene are called_______”.
Introduction:
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the genetic material. The genetic information contained in the DNA is inherited by the subsequent generations. It is generally found in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
Explanation of Solution
DNA is composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and also a nitrogenous base. This is known as a nucleotide. They form a long helical structure via phosphodiester bond between each nucleotide, and the formation of the strand is technically aided by hydrogen bonding. The long stretch of DNA is present in a highly compact manner in the chromosomes along with the histone proteins. The double helical structure of DNA is unwounded into a short stretch of strands to make a new copy an of genetic information called daughter cells. This process is known as replication and is governed by various types of enzymes.
Due to its double stranded structure, DNA is considered to be stable and it is the exact reason it is considered to be the genetic material instead of RNA (ribonucleic acid). The DNA undergoes a central dogma procedure, where first DNA is replicated then the information is transcribed into the mixture of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA), out of which mRNA (messenger RNA) is considered to be the RNA which carries the information. The mRNA then translates into a protein and after post modification of the protein it is responsible for performing various functions in the body.
A gene is basically the segment of the chromosome which comprises of the code for a particular protein, which functions in one or more than one kinds of cells in the body. The genes are arranged in a particular sequence and each of them has a certain location present on the chromosome known as locus. Allele refers to the each of the two or more alternative forms of the gene, which occurs by the mutation and are present at the same place on the chromosome.
The genetic material of all living organism is DNA, which is contained in chromosomes. A gene is a part of the chromosome found at a specific place or loci. Alternate forms of the gene are called alleles.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
- Genes are to ___________ as proteins are to _____________: traits; diseases alleles; isoforms chromosomes; peptides RNA; DNA Missense mutations; frameshift mutationsarrow_forwardselect all correct answers Which of the following statements about genes are correct? A gene is a region of a DNA strand that encodes a functional molecule such as a protein Instructions for the type of molecule a cell produces are based on the sequence and number of nucleotides within a gene O Morphological traits are always determined by a single gene A gene is an entire strand of DNAarrow_forwardProteins that share significant amino acid similarity are called ______. ________ are related proteins from different species that likely to do the same function. ________ are similar proteins that arise by duplication events within the same species. paralogs; orthologs; homologs orthologs; homologs; paralogs homologs; orthologs; paralogs orthologs; paralogs; homologsarrow_forward
- Fill in the blank. [x] _________ genes are pairs of genes within an organism’s genome that have diverged from duplication events.arrow_forwardFill in the blank. Eukaryotic __________ have special structures known as __________ at their ends. One strand of these __________ is composed of many repeats of short, __________-rich regions whose sequence varies from one species to another.arrow_forwardWhen a molecule of DNA coils up, it is called a ____________, which contains different codes for different proteins. Each protein causes/creates a ______, which is a characteristic of an organism. For example, hair color is a trait that results from a protein that is produced by cells based on the codes in DNA.arrow_forward
- planet Reen in a distant solar system. They only have one chromosome with eight genes on it that determines the organism's appearance. Your job is to transcribe and translate the DNA and determine what traits the organism has and In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism. These organisms were discovered on the TAC CAT AGA TTT ATT TAC CAA GGA TGA GGT TTC ATC TÁC GAA GAG GAG GGG ATT TAC CAA CGC CGA ATT TÁC GTA GTG ATC TAC CAT AAA ATA ACT TAC TTA TAA GAA GAC GGG TGT ACT TAC TTA Protein Synthesis then sketch the organism TTA TTA CGT ATT TAC AAG AGC GTG ATT TAC TCC TCT TTA TGT ATT Amino Acid Sequence Genes Description Short and spiky hair Met - val - ser - leu Gene 1- body covering Met - val - ser - lys Long and curly hairy Met - tyr - pro - glu - pro - lys Gene 2 - body shape Met- val - pro - thr - pro - lys Round body Met - leu - leu - leu - pro Square body Gene 3 - # of legs Met - leu - leu - ser - ala 4 legged 2 legged Met-ala - val - val round head…arrow_forwardClassify each statement as describing a gene, chromosome, or genome.arrow_forwardThe relationship between the sequence of DNA bases and amino acids in protein is best stated as ____ The DNA sequence is determined by the amino acid sequence of DNA polymerase The DNA sequence is determined by the amino acids in proteins. The sequence of amino acids is determined by the DNA sequence of a genearrow_forward
- An allele of a gene has the following change in its sequence, compared to the wild type. With reference to the sequence; there is a _____ mutation in the ______codon, resulting in a change from __________ to__________ which is a _______ mutationarrow_forwardThe question is in the image along with the choicesarrow_forwardNeed help In order for a new variant to become dominant in the population, it must have a(n) _________________ that results allows it to be more successful. Group of answer choices Hormone replication expression mutationarrow_forward
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning