BIOLOGY (LOOSELEAF)-W/CONNECT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260692181
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 1S
Describe the common features found in all examples of cellular signaling discussed in this chapter. Provide examples to illustrate your answer.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in some ways and different in others. Offer one or more hypotheses for these similarities and differences,and cite specific examples.
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling?
The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes.
The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression.
The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway.
The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
Pay close attention to the information related to figure 3.14a and the structure of the PKA catalytic site in this figure.
In a few well-written sentences, propose the following:
A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a dead kinase*.
A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a constitutively active** kinase.
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LOOSELEAF)-W/CONNECT
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Describe how information crosses the membrane in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9 - Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands...Ch. 9 - Signal transduction pathways a. are necessary for...Ch. 9 - The function of a ____is to add phosphates to...Ch. 9 - Which of the following receptor types is NOT a...Ch. 9 - How does the function of an intracellular receptor...Ch. 9 - Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7UCh. 9 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - The ion Ca2+ can act as a second messenger because...Ch. 9 - Different receptors can have the same effect on a...Ch. 9 - In comparing small G proteins like Ras and GPCR...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - The receptors for steroid hormones and peptide...Ch. 9 - Describe the common features found in all examples...Ch. 9 - The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium...
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- Briefly explain how integral membrane proteins can participate in intracellular signaling.arrow_forwardCite evidence supporting a long evolutionary history for cell signaling molecules.arrow_forwardPlease note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <arrow_forward
- To understand how a signaling pathway works, it is often useful to isolate the cell-surface receptor and to measure the activity of downstream effector proteins under different conditions. How could you use affinity chromatography to isolate a cell-surface receptor?arrow_forwardSteroid hormones are required by the body at puberty and into adolescence to regulate growth and cell division at more rapid pace than in later life. This regulation occurs via their interaction with cellular receptors and the signaling cascades/pathways that follow. Describe for me the difference between the two major classes of steroids, anabolic and catabolic steroids. What might you expect the result of signaling cascades to be in cells receiving either anabolic or catabolic “signals”? (B) At some point in late adolescence, steroid production decreases by almost 100 fold, as we transition into “adulthood”. Why might we wish to stop these signals from constantly being in our blood stream, (like, Say, between 17-24 years of age)? What result might these steroids have on cancer cells where abhorrent signaling is already causing an increased rate of cell division/growth? Could steroid use result in Cancer?arrow_forwardWrite a step-by-step description of a specific signal transduction pathway. Your description should include a minimum of THREE steps and be written in your own words (not copied from the internet, your notes, or your peers!arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardMPF plays an important role during the regulation of the cell cycle. give examples that will support this statement.arrow_forwardThe biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…arrow_forward
- a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of kinase- linked receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? Key physiological process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which…arrow_forwardPane Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein coupled and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, physiological paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it…arrow_forwardWorking out the order in which the individual components in a signaling pathway act is an essential step in defining the pathway. Imagine that two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, act sequentially in a kinase cascade. When either kinase is completely inactivated, cells do not respond to the normal extracellular signal. By contrast, cells containing a mutant form of PK1 that is permanently active respond even in the absence of an extracellular signal. Double mutant cells that contain inactivated PK2 and permanently active PK1 respond in the absence of a signal. Draw out the signaling pathway in a wild-type cell. What outcome is predicted for a double mutant cell with an activating mutation in PK2 and an inactivating mutation in PK1? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license