Concept explainers
The nitrosyl ion. NO+, has an interesting chemistry.
Assume the molecular orbital diagram shown in Figure 9.16 applies to NO+.
- (a) Is NO+ diamagnetic or paramagnetic? If paramagnetic, how many unpaired electrons does it have?
- (b) What is the highest-energy molecular orbital (HOMO) occupied by electrons?
- (c) What is the nitrogen-oxygen bond order?
- (d) Is the N–O bond in NO* stronger or weaker than the bond in NO?
(a)
Interpretation:
It should be checked that whether the given molecule is diamagnetic or paramagnetic in nature.
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbital (MO) theory: is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.
According to this theory there are two types of orbitals,
- (1) Bonding orbitals
- (2) Antibonding orbitals
Electrons in molecules are filled in accordance with the energy; the anti-bonding orbital has more energy than the bonding orbitals.
The electronic configuration of oxygen molecule
The * represent the antibonding orbital
Atoms with unpaired electrons are called Paramagnetic. Paramagnetic atoms are attracted to a magnet.
Atoms with paired electrons are called diamagnetic. Diamagnetic atoms are repelled by a magnet
Answer to Problem 28PS
The given molecule
Explanation of Solution
There are
In accordance with the MO theory, the electron configuration of this molecule can be written as follows,
The molecular Orbital diagram for the given molecule can be drawn as follows,
In the
(b)
Interpretation:
The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) in the given molecule chlorine monoxide
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbital (MO) theory: is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.
According to this theory there are two types of orbitals,
- (1) Bonding orbitals
- (2) Antibonding orbitals
Electrons in molecules are filled in accordance with the energy; the anti-bonding orbital has more energy than the bonding orbitals.
The electronic configuration of oxygen molecule
The * represent the antibonding orbital
HOMO and LUMO: This terms are stands for highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), respectively. So this energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO is termed the HOMO–LUMO gap.
Answer to Problem 28PS
The
Explanation of Solution
There are
In accordance with the MO theory, the electron configuration of this molecule can be written as follows,
The molecular Orbital diagram for the given molecule can be drawn as follows,
In the (
(c)
Interpretation:
Nitrogen – oxygen bond order in the molecule
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbital (MO) theory: is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.
According to this theory there are two types of orbitals,
- (1) Bonding orbitals
- (2) Antibonding orbitals
Electrons in molecules are filled in accordance with the energy; the anti-bonding orbital has more energy than the bonding orbitals.
The electronic configuration of oxygen molecule
The * represent the antibonding orbital
Bond order: It is the measure of number of electron pairs shared between two atoms.
Explanation of Solution
There are
In accordance with the MO theory, the electron configuration of this molecule can be written as follows,
(d)
Interpretation:
It should be checked that whether the
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbital (MO) theory: is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.
According to this theory there are two types of orbitals,
- (1) Bonding orbitals
- (2) Antibonding orbitals
Electrons in molecules are filled in accordance with the energy; the anti-bonding orbital has more energy than the bonding orbitals.
The electronic configuration of oxygen molecule
The * represent the antibonding orbital
Bond order: It is the measure of number of electron pairs shared between two atoms.
Bond strength is directly proportional to bond order value.
Explanation of Solution
There are
In accordance with the MO theory, the electron configuration of this molecule can be written as follows,
There are
In accordance with the MO theory, the electron configuration of this molecule can be written as follows,
Bond strength is directly proportional to bond order value.
Therefore,
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity - AP Edition
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