Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2TYK
What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a. ATP is generated using phosphates taken from intermediates in the electron transport chain.
b. ATP is generated using a phosphate gradient produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
c. ATP is generated using a proton-motive force that is produced by the electron transport chain.
d. Water is generated using electrons taken from NADH and FADH2 and transported through the electron transport chain.
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In chemiosmosis, discover the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP. *
A. energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system.
B. energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation.
C. energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient.
D. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase.
What fundamental difference sets apart anaerobic respiration from aerobic respiration?
a.
Anaerobic respiration does not have Krebs Cycle.
b.
Anaerobic respiration does not have an electron transport chain.
c.
Anaerobic respiration involves substrate-level phosphorylation only.
d.
Anaerobic respiration utilizes electronegative compounds such as nitrates as final electron acceptor.
Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration.
A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation.
B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation.
C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation.
D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Where does the citric acid cycle occur in...Ch. 9 - 2. What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a....Ch. 9 - 3. After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis,...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast substrate-level...Ch. 9 - If you were to expose cells that are undergoing...Ch. 9 - In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme...Ch. 9 - 8. Explain the relationship between electron...Ch. 9 - 9. Cyanide (C=N–) blocks complex IV of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 9 - SOCIETY In the 1930s, DNP was introduced as a diet...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How would a ubiquinone inhibitor directly affect the ATP yield? a. By increasing the electron transport rate to a fraction of 1/2 b. By limiting the hydrogen protons pumped to a fraction of 1/4 c. By pumping additional hydrogen protons to a fraction of 1/2 d. By disabling the entire electron transport chain and chemiosmotic systemarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the end step for the electron transport chain? A. H+ ions flow down the gradient to generate ATP B. electrons are transferred to NADH and FADH2 for chemiosmosis C. electrons are transferred to oxygen, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which form water D. H+ are pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria to establish an electrochemical gradientarrow_forwardThe diagram in Figure 5 below summarizes the electron-transport chain, which is a stage of cell respiration. Letters A. B and C represent electron carriers. 5) Hydrogen ions NADH + H* Oxidised A Reduced B Oxidised C Electrons XXXX NAD+ Reduced A Oxidised B Reduced B Figure 5 i) Explain what is happening to the electrons and hydrogen ions from carriers A to C. ii) What is happening to the electrons and hydrogens at the end of this stage? ii) State where in the mitochondrion is the electron transport chain situated? iv) Name ONE process that produces NADH + H"? How does the electron transport chain contribute to the production of ATP? v)arrow_forward
- Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that . . A. the electron transport chain is not used in anaerobic respiration. B. more ATP is produced in the TCA cycle of anaerobic respiration. C. only aerobes can use glucose. D.anaerobes employ a different final electron acceptor than aerobes.arrow_forwardWhich chemical equation represents the breakdown of organic carbon (into inorganic form) thattakes place during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport (aerobic respiration)? A. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2OB. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6D. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 12H2OE. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE of the electron transport chain (ETC)? A. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the formation of a proton (H+) gradient. B. The movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the movement of ADP and phosphate through ATP synthase. D. The movement of H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC.arrow_forward
- Rapidly dividing cells such as bone marrow, skin, intestinal mucosa, and cancer cells need DNA synthesis. In these cells, the following is observed: a. a decreased NADPH / NADP+ ratio b. increased flux through the oxidative reactions c. Flux through the oxidative reactions is low and the nonoxidative reactions are reversed to make ribose 5-phosphate. d. Ribose 5-phosphate is recycled through the oxidative steps via the nonoxidative reactions and gluconeogenesis. e. Ribose 5-phosphate is shunted into glycolysis by the nonoxidative reactions.arrow_forward1)Where is the most Potential Energy Stored at the end of the Citric Acid Cycle? A. High energy electron NADH B. Electron Tansport chain C. G3P D. ATP molecuoles 2) The movement of several solutes simoultanously a. Simple diffusion b. bulk transport c. Passive trasnsport d. Active Trasnport E. Osmosis 3) What is the source of electrons for photosysthesis? a. Oxygen b. ATP c. water D. Glucose E. Carbon dioxide 3) Movement of several solute acrossss cocentration graidients A. Simple diffusion B. Bulk transpoert C. Passive trasnport D. Active Transport E. Facilitated diffusionarrow_forwardHow can chemolithotrophs create a membrane pH gradient if they are not using traditional proton transporters such as complex I or IlI? a. They do not create pH gradients for use by the ATP synthase. b. Oxidation of extracellular substrates creates 'holes' in the membrane allowing protons to leak. c. Oxidation of extracellular substrates utilizes H2O as the oxygen source. This produces 2H+. d. Instead of increasing proton concentration in the periplasmic space, these microorganisms neutralize protons in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
- Consider the function of the cofactor FAD. Which of the following makes it unique (different) from NAD+? Select all that apply. a. Can facilitate single electron transfers b. Is associated with an enzyme and not a mobile electron carrier c. Serves to facilitate redox reactions d. s an electron carrier in the TCA cyclearrow_forwardPropose an explanation for bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria all having ATP synthase complexes.arrow_forwardWhich electron carrier would have the greatest negative impact on ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation if its production was inhibited? answer choices A.) Water B.) FADH2 C.) Oxygen D.) NADHarrow_forward
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