BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2U
Signal transduction pathways
a. are necessary for signals to cross the membrane.
b. include the intracellular events stimulated by an extracellular signal.
c. include the extracellular events stimulated by an intracellular signal.
d. are only found in cases where the signal can cross the membrane.
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For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases?
a.
they amplify the original signal
b.
they always lead to the same cellular response
c.
the number of molecules used is small and fixed
d.
they are cell specific
Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are
a. produced by the cell itself.
b. secreted by neighboring cells.
c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells.
d. secreted by distant cells.
Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling moleculesinto signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cells
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Describe how information crosses the membrane in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9 - Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands...Ch. 9 - Signal transduction pathways a. are necessary for...Ch. 9 - The function of a ____is to add phosphates to...Ch. 9 - Which of the following receptor types is NOT a...Ch. 9 - How does the function of an intracellular receptor...Ch. 9 - Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7UCh. 9 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - The ion Ca2+ can act as a second messenger because...Ch. 9 - Different receptors can have the same effect on a...Ch. 9 - In comparing small G proteins like Ras and GPCR...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - The receptors for steroid hormones and peptide...Ch. 9 - Describe the common features found in all examples...Ch. 9 - The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium...
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- The receptor-associated proteins called G proteins... A. bind GTP. B. can activate or inhibit an effector protein, e.g. adenyl cyclase. C. interact with membrane-associated proteins to influence their function. D. both a and b E. a, b, and carrow_forwardDuring which step of signal transduction is a second messengerreleased into the cytoplasm?a. reception c. transductionb. response d. final steparrow_forwardThe same signal can have different effects in different cells because there a. are different receptor subtypes that initiate different signal transduction pathways. b. may be different coactivators in different cells. c. may be different target proteins in different cells’ signal transduction pathways. d. All of the choices are correct.arrow_forward
- During cell signaling, binding of a ligand to the outside of a cell leads to: A. A signal being sent inside the cell B. The ligand being transported into the cell C. A and B D. None of the abovearrow_forwardScaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling molecules into signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cellsarrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forward
- Describe the four phases of signal transduction in living organisms.arrow_forwardA biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forwardA researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.arrow_forward
- compare and contrast how GPCRs and RTKs transduce their signal to the cell? include the types of ligands they bind, the GTP binding protein that is activated, and how the signal is transduced and amplified. what effects does it have on the cell?arrow_forwardA signal transduction pathway leads to the regulation of one or more cellular activities. What does that mean? Explain in your own words step by step (as simpler as possible)arrow_forwardDuring signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzymecatalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forward
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