A rocket for use in deep space is to be capable of boosting a total load (payload plus rocket frame and engine) of 3.00 metric tons to a speed of 10 000 m/s. (a) It has an engine and fuel designed to produce an exhaust speed of 2 000 m/s. How much fuel plus oxidizer is required? (b) If a different fuel and engine design could give an exhaust speed of 5 000 m/s, what amount of fuel and oxidizer would be required for the same task? (c) Noting that the exhaust speed in part (b) is 2.50 times higher than that in part (a), explain why the required fuel mass is not simply smaller by a factor of 2.50.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 9 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + WebAssign Printed Access Card for Serway/Jewett's Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 10th, Multi-Term
- A mole of helium gas strikes the wall of a container with a root mean square speed of 1,363 kilometers per second. An amount of force equivalent to___ Newtons is exerted on the wall by this collision. (The answer should be in three significant figures.)arrow_forwardLong-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the attitude of the spacecraft by controlled venting. A single astronaut exhales 1.21 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the recycling of three astronauts' respiration during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 155-L tank at −45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank? MPaarrow_forwardNitrogen, the most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%), is not necessary in the cardiovascular system and it causes no harm under typical atmospheric conditions. For instance, at standard atmospheric pressure nitrogen can absorb into your skin. This is not an issue until you dive underwater. Henry's Law (chemistry) states that the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the gas' partial pressure. When the partial pressure of nitrogen increases, it will be absorbed into the blood stream. This is not particularly dangerous, although it can lead to a pleasant feeling called "nitrogen narcosis" in some people. The real danger is when the diver resurfaces. When the diver begins to ascend, the partial pressure of nitrogen decreases and nitrogen comes out of solution as small bubbles of gas in the bloodstream. The buildup of nitrogen can be removed from the body by passing nitrogen through the bloodstream and into the lungs where it is exhaled. However, this…arrow_forward
- A typical person begins to lose consciousness if subjectedto accelerations greater than about 5g (49.0 m/s2) formore than a few seconds. Suppose a 3.00 x 104-kg mannedspaceship’s engine has an exhaust speed of 2.50 x 103 m/s.What maximum burn rate |ΔM/Δt | could the engine reachbefore the ship’s acceleration exceeded 5g and its humanoccupants began to lose consciousness?arrow_forwardLong-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the attitude of the spacecraft by controlled venting. A single astronaut exhales 1.09 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the recycling of three astronauts’ respiration during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 150-L tank at −45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank?arrow_forwardLong-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the attitude of the spacecraft by controlled venting.A single astronaut exhales 1.09 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the recycling of three astronauts’ respiration during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 150-L tank at -45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank?arrow_forward
- A typical person begins to lose consciousness if subjected to accelerations greater than about 5g (49.0 m/s2 ) for more than a few seconds. Suppose a 3.00 x 10^4 -kg manned spaceship’s engine has an exhaust speed of 2.50 x 10^3 m/s. What maximum burn rate |ΔM/Δt| could the engine reach before the ship’s acceleration exceeded 5g and its human occupants began to lose consciousness?arrow_forwardNUMBER 1; Consider a rocket engine burning hydrogen and oxygen; the combustion chamber (reservoir) pressure and temperature are 25 atm and 3517 K, respectively. The area of the rocket nozzle throat is 0. 1m². The area of the exit is designed so that the exit pressure is equal to 0.01174 atm. Determine the exit area and exit velocity with the given parameters: Mass flow rate = 121.9 kgm/s Molecular weight (gas mixture) Specific heat ratio (gas mixture) = 1.22 Universal gas constant = 8,314 J/ (kg/mol) (K) = 16 molarrow_forwardConsider two containers with the same volume and temperature. The first container is labelled "Dry" and holds "dry" air = a ratio of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). The second container is labelled "Humid" and holds "moist" air = the SAME ratio of nitrogen and oxygen, but also contains water (H2O) vapor. According to the ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas inside the "Dry" container will bearrow_forward
- In 2009, one of the U.S government’s bailout packages was $700 billion when gold was worth $800 per ounce ($28.20 per gram). Calculate the mass in grams of $700 billion worth of gold. If this amount of gold were in the shape of a cube, how long would each of its sides be?arrow_forwardA tank containing gas is separated into two compartments, labelled A and B, by a partition. A and B each carries volume of 15 m3 and 5 m3, respectively. Initially, the specific volume of gas in B is 5 m/kg. When the partition is removed, the resulting specific volume becomes 8 m3/kg. Find the original specific volume of gas in A.arrow_forwardA group of students drove from their university (near sea level) up into the mountains for a skiing weekend. Upon arriving at the slopes, they discovered that the bags of potato chips they had brought for snacks had all burst open. What caused this to happen?arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning