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ISBN: 9780135333457
Author: Pearson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 3AQ
The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli is said to be orthologous to the rpoB gene of Bacillus subtills. What does that mean about the relationship between the two genes? What protein do you suppose the rpoB gene of B. subtilis encodes? The genes for the different sigma factors of E. coli are paralogous. What does that say about the relationship among these genes?
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The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase fromEscherichia coli is said to be orthologous to the rpoB gene ofBacillus subtilis. What does that mean about the relationshipbetween the two genes? What protein do you suppose therpoB gene of B. subtilis encodes? The genes for the differentsigma factors of E. coli are paralogous. What does that sayabout the relationship among these genes?
The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes encoding proteins that make up the head, collar, tail, and tail fibers. When these genes are transcribed following phage infection, how are these proteins synthesized, since the phage genome lacks genes essential to ribosome structure?
Chapter 9 Solutions
ACCESS IN MOODLE ROOMS
Ch. 9.1 - How many protein-encoding genes are in the human...Ch. 9.1 - List three examples of how genomics has led to...Ch. 9.1 - What is one discovery resulting from the...Ch. 9.2 - What key molecules are essential for danger...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.2 - What is the major problem in identifying genes...Ch. 9.2 - How can protein homology assist in genome...Ch. 9.3 - What lifestyle is typical of Bacteria and Archaea...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3MQ
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.4 - Which genomes are larger, those of chloroplasts or...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.5 - What is the major difference in how duplications...Ch. 9.6 - Which class of genes is rarely transferred...Ch. 9.6 - List the major mechanisms by which horizontal gene...Ch. 9.6 - How might transposons be especially important in...Ch. 9.6 - Explain how horizontally transferred genes can be...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.7 - Explain how chromosomal islands might move between...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.8 - How is a metagenome analyzed?Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.10 - Why is the term proteome ambiguous, whereas the...Ch. 9.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.11 - What is a secondary metabolite?Ch. 9.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.12 - How are single cells isolated from a mixed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.12 - How can single-cell genomics be used to address...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9 - Apart from genome size, what factors make complete...Ch. 9 - Describe how one might determine which proteins In...Ch. 9 - The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA...Ch. 9 - Describe how you could use systems biology to...
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- The bacteriophage genome consists primarily of genes encodingproteins that make up the head, collar and tail, and tail fibers When these genes are transcribed following phage infection, howare these proteins synthesized, since the phage genome lacksgenes essential to ribosome structure?arrow_forwardOne of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardSome S. aureus strains can produce an enzyme called beta-lactamase, which breaks down beta-lactam drugs like methicillin. These strains that make beta-lactamase have a gene called mecA. Draw a diagram of the bacterial DNA encoding this gene, including the following terms: promoter, terminator, coding region.arrow_forward
- DNA sequencing of the entire H. influenzae genomewas completed in 1995. When DNA from the nonpathogenic strain H. influenzae Rd was compared tothat of the pathogenic b strain, eight genes of the fimbrial gene cluster (located between the purE andpepN genes) involved in adhesion of bacteria to hostcells were completely missing from the nonpathogenic strain. What effect would this deletion have oncotransformation of purE and pepN genes using DNAisolated from the nonpathogenic versus the pathogenic strain?arrow_forwardAustin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…arrow_forward(74) Isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause disease only if they carry a lysogenic bacteriophage encoding diphtheria toxin. Which of the following mechanisms results in the acquisition of this virulence factor? (A) Frame Shift Mutation (B) Reassortment (C) Transduction (D) Transformation (E) Transposon-induced mutationarrow_forward
- A research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What information do you know based onthe question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forward
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