EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100793431
Author: KALPAKJIAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 41QTP
Repeat the calculations in Example 9.1 if (a) Nextel 610 fiber is used and (b) Spectra 2000 is used.
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Q1: The fibers in a unidirectional lamina have a diameter of 12 um and weight
fraction of 60%. The density of fibers is 1.5 of the density of the epoxy. Find the
center-to-center spacing of the fibers if:
1. Packed in a square array in the epoxy matrix.
2. Packed in a triangular array in the epoxy matrix.
Q1: Consider the diameter of carbon fiber is 7 µm and the diameter of glass fiber
is 16 μm. (a) Determine the fiber volume fraction in (i) Square array of fiber
packing and (ii) Triangular array of fiber packing, for fiber spacing-to-fiber
diameter ratios (s/d) of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0.
a) Find the fiber center-to-center spacing for the ratios.
b) Plot the fiber volume fractions and the center- to- center / diameter ratios
c) Explain what factors affect the fiber volume fraction
d) Compare the fiber volume fraction of the two packing methods.
e) What is the theoretical maximum fiber volume fraction for each of the two
composites? Are they dependent on the fiber type or diameter?
Is the following figure showing continuous or noncontinuous fibers?
What are the differences in making carbon fibers and glass fibers
Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
Ch. 9 - Distinguish between composites and metal alloys.Ch. 9 - Describe the functions of the matrix and the...Ch. 9 - Name the reinforcing fibers generally used to make...Ch. 9 - What is the range in length and diameter of...Ch. 9 - List the important factors that determine the...Ch. 9 - Comment on the advantages and limitations of...Ch. 9 - What are the most commonly used matrix materials?...Ch. 9 - Describe the advantages of hybrid composites over...Ch. 9 - What material properties are improved by the...Ch. 9 - Describe the purpose of the matrix material.
Ch. 9 - What are the most common types of glass fibers?Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between a carbon fiber and...Ch. 9 - How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and...Ch. 9 - What is a whisker? What is the difference between...Ch. 9 - Describe the composition of boron fibers. Why are...Ch. 9 - Give a succinct definition of fiber, yarn, and...Ch. 9 - How do you think the use of straw mixed with clay...Ch. 9 - What products have you personally seen that are...Ch. 9 - Describe applications that are not well suited for...Ch. 9 - Is there a difference between a composite material...Ch. 9 - Identify metals and alloys that have strengths...Ch. 9 - What limitations or disadvantages do composite...Ch. 9 - Give examples of composite materials other than...Ch. 9 - Explain why the behavior of the materials depicted...Ch. 9 - Explain why fibers are so capable of supporting a...Ch. 9 - Do metal-matrix composites have any advantages...Ch. 9 - Give reasons for the development of ceramic-matrix...Ch. 9 - Explain how you would go about determining the...Ch. 9 - How would you go about trying to determine the...Ch. 9 - Glass fibers are said to be much stronger than...Ch. 9 - Describe situations in which a glass could be used...Ch. 9 - When the American Plains states were settled, no...Ch. 9 - By incorporating small amounts of a blowing agent,...Ch. 9 - Referring to Fig. 9.2c, would there be an...Ch. 9 - Calculate the average increase in the properties...Ch. 9 - In Example 9.1, what would be the percentage of...Ch. 9 - Calculate the percent increase in the mechanical...Ch. 9 - Calculate the stress in the fibers and in the...Ch. 9 - Repeat the calculations in Example 9.1 if (a)...Ch. 9 - Refer to the properties listed in Table 7.1. If...Ch. 9 - Plot the elastic modulus and strength of an...Ch. 9 - For the data in Example 9.1, what should be the...Ch. 9 - It is desired to obtain a composite material with...Ch. 9 - A rectangular cantilever beam, 100 mm high, 20 mm...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - Using the information given in this chapter,...Ch. 9 - Would a composite material with a strong and stiff...Ch. 9 - Make a list of products for which the use of...Ch. 9 - Inspect Fig. 9.1 and explain what other components...Ch. 9 - Name applications in which both specific strength...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - As with other materials, the mechanical properties...Ch. 9 - Developments are taking place in techniques for...Ch. 9 - As described in this chapter, reinforced plastics...Ch. 9 - Comment on your observations on the design of the...Ch. 9 - Make a survey of various sports equipment and...Ch. 9 - Several material combinations and structures were...Ch. 9 - It is possible to make fibers or whiskers with a...Ch. 9 - Describe how you can produce some simple composite...Ch. 9 - Gel spinning is a specialized process used in...Ch. 9 - Figure P9.65 shows a section of a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the effective fiber diameter of a membrane filter with a pore size of 1 μm? The solidity is 0.15, the thickness is 150 μm, and the pressure drop is 5.0 cm Hg at U0 = 50 cm/s. (b) A filter has an effective fiber diameter of 2 μm, a solidity of 0.05, and thickness of 0.5 mm. The face velocity is 5 cm/s. Considering collection due to interception, impaction, and diffusion, calculate the penetration of 0.3 μm NaCl particles (ρp= 2.2 g/cm3) through the filter and the figure of merit.arrow_forwardConsider Carbon/Epoxy with a fiber volume fraction of 70% and Ef = 379 GPa, Vf = 0.22, Em = 3.3 GPa, and Vm = 0.35. Compute E1, E2, V12, and G12 using the rule of mixtures (ROM).arrow_forwardCalculate the density of a composite made with 35% Kevlar-49 fibers in an epoxy resin (ρ = 1.1 kg/m3, E = 2.5 GPa). For Kevlar-49, Ef = 131 GPa; density = 1440 kg/m3arrow_forward
- Alice is conducting a tensile test on continuous fiber alignment compositesamples. She found that the results are different in the longitudinal andtransverse directions of the samples. Explain why this happens with the aid ofdiagram.arrow_forwardExplain the following fiber Materials in detail. (i) Aramid Fibers (ii) Alumina (iii) Carbon Fiberarrow_forwardb. i. Calculate the tensile modulus of elasticity of a unidirectional Kevlar-49 fibers epoxy composite material that contains 63% by volume of Kevlar 49 fibers and is stressed under isostrain conditions. The Kevlar 49 fibers have a tensile modulus of elasticity of 189.8 GPa and the epoxy matrix a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa.arrow_forward
- Please calculate UD composite material averaged mechanical constants EL: ET; VET. Gur Fiber and matrix properties are: E, = 240GP3; v, = 0.26; E = 2.6GPA; v = 0.38; fibers volume fraction V, = 0.48 Please use different methods and compare obtained results.arrow_forward1) Assume that a lamina is made using glass fiber and epoxy with the following properties: Er = 74 GPa, v, = 0.27 Em = 6.3 GPa, vm = 0.31 a) Using Rule of Mixtures, calculate and plot the elastic properties of the lamina (E1, E2, G12, v12 ,V21) as a function of fiber volume fraction. b) Comment on the observed trends and maximum values of these properties as a function of volume fractionarrow_forwardOriginal question: The nominal engineering constants of a unidirectional graphite epoxy ply are given in Table below for a fiber volume fraction of 60 percent. The fiber volume is reduced to 55 percent. Estimate the engineering constants for this reduced fiber volume fraction. New question needing to be answered: Repeat with a reduced fiber volume fraction of 40 percent representative of lower fiber volume fraction materials. Table:arrow_forward
- What is the minimum length of fibers to ensure effective load transmission called? Answer:arrow_forwardPage 12 of 13 4. Give TWO (2) examples of polymers that can used as a resin in mounting process. 1. 2. 5.Fill in the blank with the following: [grain boundary, dislocation, coarse, stronger] A fine-grained material (one that has small grains) is harder and that is area to impede than one -grained, because the former has a greater total movement. 6. Label ferrite and pearlite in the following photomicrographs of a PCS specimen. 7. Which one is coarser? ANS: (a) Abrasive paper: 180 grit paper or 320 grit paper ANS: (b) Metal specimen: ASTM grain-size number; 4 or 10arrow_forwardWhat fiber fraction would be required for a composite with titanium fibers in a polycarbonate matrix (E = 2.5 GPa) to have the fibers handle 85% of a longitudinal tensile load? (Titanium Ef = 116 GPa )arrow_forward
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