EBK BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797352
Author: Raven
Publisher: YUZU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 5A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Cell signaling involves three processes, namely reception, transduction and cellular response. The same signal molecule can produce different effects in different cells while different signal molecules can produce same effects in the different cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.
A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by...
A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes.
B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades.
C. the synthesis of new proteins.
D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.
In the RAD signaling pathway the EGF ligand binds the EGF receptor, this initiated a phosphorylation cascade that results in cell proliferation. Which of the following statements is correct:
a. RAS protein is the sognal
b. EGF ligand is the signal
c. cell proliferation is the signal
d. EGF receptor is the signal
e. none of the above
Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 9 - Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands...Ch. 9 - Signal transduction pathways a. are necessary for...Ch. 9 - The function of a ____is to add phosphates to...Ch. 9 - Which of the following receptor types is NOT a...Ch. 9 - How does the function of an intracellular receptor...Ch. 9 - Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7UCh. 9 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - The ion Ca2+ can act as a second messenger because...
Ch. 9 - Different receptors can have the same effect on a...Ch. 9 - In comparing small G proteins like Ras and GPCR...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - The receptors for steroid hormones and peptide...Ch. 9 - Describe the common features found in all examples...Ch. 9 - The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The receptor-associated proteins called G proteins... A. bind GTP. B. can activate or inhibit an effector protein, e.g. adenyl cyclase. C. interact with membrane-associated proteins to influence their function. D. both a and b E. a, b, and carrow_forwardA cell has epinephrine receptors, yet is unable to respond to epinephrine signaling. One possible reason is: A. The cell has no DNA. B. The cell is missing a functional G-protein or adenylyl cyclase. C. All of the epinephrine receptors are on the cell’s surface. (They’re supposed to be in the cytoplasm!) D. Both A and C.arrow_forward40. Notch receptors operate through juxtacrine signaling which requires A. close physical association between the signal-emitting and signal-receiving cells B. cells far away from each other communicating through chemical messengers C. a cell to release a ligand that binds to a receptor on its own surface D. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Coat color in mammals is controlled by a hormone receptor called the melanocortin receptor. When this receptor is bound by the hormone MSH, pigment cells produce dark eumelanin. When the receptor is bound by an MSH antagonist that prevents MSH binding, pigment cells make yellow/red pheomelanin. In the Irish Setter, the overall red coat color could be due to a mutation in the a. receptor that prevents the antagonist from binding. b. receptor that prevents MSH from binding. c. MSH protein such that it binds the receptor more efficiently. d. antagonist such that it no longer binds to the receptor.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of Ras during tyrosine kinase cell signaling? a. It activates the opening of channel-linked receptors. b. It is an enzyme that synthesizes second messengers. c. It links the receptor protein to the MAP kinase pathway. d. It phosphorylates other enzymes as part of a pathway.arrow_forwardEGF signals by binding to cell surface EGF receptors. Which of these observations, if true, would BEST explain EGF’s mechanism of action? A. EGF is hydrophilic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane B. EGF is hydrophobic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane C. EGF is hydrophilic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane D. EGF is hydrophobic and cannot diffuse through the cell membranearrow_forward
- 1. A mutation was introduced to the active site of the enzyme in a receptor tyrosine kinase so that it remains active in the absence of a substrate. What is the effect of this mutation on the signal transductionpathway?A. The phosphatase activity of the enzyme will be activated which will lead to receptor dimerization and subsequent cellular response.B. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor and dimerization will occur but the subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.C. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor but dimerization and subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.D. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor which will then triggers receptor dimerization and downstream cellular response. 2. Which of the following is not an advantage of non-coding regions of DNA?A. Some of these regions contain inactivated genes that can be reactivated upon insertion of regulatory sequences by mobile DNA elements.B. Some of these regions protect eukaryotic DNA from…arrow_forwardBased on the information scientists and doctors have been able to collect, compare embryonic stem cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), then choose which statement below correctly describes these two types of stem cells. a. They are equivalent. b. iPSCs have more potency than embryonic stem cells. c. Embryonic stem cells are far more potent than iPSCs d. Both embryonic stem cells and iPSCs are totipotent.arrow_forward1. The four steps in the signal transduction pathway are listed below, a-d. Label the diagram above with the letters a-d to indicate where on the diagram each step is taking place, and answer the two questions below. a. Signal transmission i. Describe what is taking place during the signal transmission step. b. Reception i. Describe what is taking place during the reception step. Be sure to use the terms ligand, receptor, and target cell. C. Signal transduction d. Responsearrow_forward
- Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membrane of all cells but only affect target cells because a. intracellular receptors are only present in target cells b. only target cells possess the cytosolic enzymes that transduce the testosterone c. target cells are the only cells that can initiate the phosphorylation cascade leading to the transcription factor d. only target cells retain the appropriate DNA segmentsarrow_forwardThyroid hormone receptor (TR) regulates growth, development, and differentiation of mammals. TR contains both a domain that binds to T3, the thyroid hormone, and a separate domain that binds to DNA. Which of the following BEST explains how TR signals? A. T3 binds to TR at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression. B. T3 binds to DNA at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression. C. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to TR, which then binds to DNA to regulate gene expression. D. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to DNA, which then binds to TR to regulate gene expression.arrow_forwardIn the light of the mechanisms of signal transduction pathways, describe how: 1. the immune system is alerted and responds 2. immune responses against infected cells can lead to organ failurearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license