HUMAN BIOLOGY:CONC.+CURRENT..(LOOSE)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321862525
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 6TY
Which of the following is a benefit of resident bacteria?
a. Resident bacteria cause the stomach to be acidic.
b. Resident bacteria produce antiviral compounds that prevent viral infections.
c. Resident bacteria can out-compete harmful bacteria and lower the incidence of infection.
d. Resident bacteria digest cellulose within the human digestive tract.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium.
a.
This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
b.
This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium—this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact.
c.
This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
d.
This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin…
Antimicrobial therapy can decrease the amount of susceptible bowel flora and allow proliferation of relatively resistant colonic bacteria. Which one of the following species can proliferate and produce a toxin that causes diarrhea?- a.Enterococcus species b.Staphylococcus epidermidisC.Pseudomonas aeruginosad.Clostridium difficilee.Bacteroides fragilis
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms.
b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms.
c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body.
d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts.
e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.
Chapter 9 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY:CONC.+CURRENT..(LOOSE)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1QCCh. 9 - Prob. 2QCCh. 9 - Define the term pathogen and give some examples.Ch. 9 - Prob. 2CRCh. 9 - Prob. 3CRCh. 9 - Prob. 4CRCh. 9 - Prob. 5CRCh. 9 - Describe in general terms the distinction between...Ch. 9 - Describe the concept of an antigen and how it...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9CRCh. 9 - Prob. 10CRCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 -
6. Which of the following is a benefit of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 -
8. The following are steps in phagocytosis: (1)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYCh. 9 - Which of the following increases the likelihood of...Ch. 9 - Which of the following does not belong with the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements about HIV is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 9 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 9 -
3. Everyone knows that bacteria can cause...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 9 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 9 - Why is it that most people get the chicken pox...Ch. 9 - The immune system is supposed to defend us from...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Drugs are often given to surgical patients, to dental patients with heart disease, or to healthy family members exposed to contagious infections. a. What word would you use to describe this use of drugs? b. What is the purpose of this form of treatment? c. Explain some potential undesired effects of this form of therapy. d. Defi ne probiotics and give some ways they are used.arrow_forwardThe working part of the muscle is called A. Head B. Belly C. Tendon D. Aponeurosis What are the microbes called which colonize our bodies and actually help us to survive by aiding digestion or guarding against infection. pathogens normal flora vectors fomitesarrow_forwardPeople who use proton pump inhibitors or antacids are more prone to infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Can you explain the observation considering what you have learned?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not typically considered a defense against infection within the GI tract? a. keratinized layer of cells c. secretory IgA b. mucous coat d. continuous passage of cellsarrow_forwardwhich of the following is a byproduct of heme extreted in the feces a. urobilin b. biliverdin C. stercobilin d. bilirubinarrow_forwardA leukemia patient has a relative who wants to donate blood for transfusion. Which of the following donor medical conditions would prevent this? A. A history of hepatitis C five years previously B. Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy one year previously C. Asymptomatic diverticulosis D. Crohn's disease in remissionarrow_forward
- 78. A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis is being investigated. Which of the following concerns is the priorityfor a microbiologist?A. Gastroenteritis may be caused by several bacterial and viral pathogens.B. General food safety measures may have been violated during preparation.C. Several food sources may have been shared by the affected individuals.D. Symptoms of gastroenteritis may include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.79. An outbreak of dengue fever is to be investigated. Which of the following descriptive epidemiologyconsiderations is the most appropriate and urgent starting point for the investigation?A. AGENT – detection of Plasmodium(+) mosquitoesB. PERSON – age and sex distribution of casesC. PLACE – clustering of cases within a certain areaD. TIME – analysis of cases over a ten-year periodarrow_forwardA physician has diagnosed acute gastritis in a clinic patient. Which of the following medications would be contraindicated for this patient? A. Naproxen sodium (Naprosyn) B. Calcium carbonate C. Clarithromycin (Biaxin) D. Furosemide (Lasix)arrow_forwardA group of office workers has a party catered by ABC Catering. There is a build--your-own salad bar with lettuce and a variety of toppings. Two days after the party 60% of the attendees have nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. An investigation by the county health department shows that the ABC Catering employee who prepared the salad bar ingredients was ill with the same gastrointestinal issues as the office workers. The employee used the same sink to wash his hands after going to the bathroom and to rinse the lettuce for the salad bar. Match the virus to the description to arrive at the most likley diagnosis for this outbreak. 1. This virus causes gastreoenteritis, but it mainly affects children, and immunity is life-long. So it is not the likely cause of this outbreak. 2. This virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, but it does not cause the signs and symptoms seen in…arrow_forward
- How does Jane's problem with Ulcerative Colitis differ from Crohn’s disease (another Inflammatory Bowel Disease)? A. The damage to Jane’s GI tract is localized to the large intestine (colon), whereas patients with Crohn’s disease may have any part of the GI tract affected in the form of “skip” lesions. B. A patient with Crohn’s disease is more likely to have bloody stool than Jane. C. The entire thickness of the Jane’s intestinal wall (mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, and serosa) may be affected, whereas only the mucosa is affected in patients with Crohn’s disease. D. Jane may benefit from using a nicotine patch or chewing nicotine gum, while evidence for a therapeutic benefit of nicotine in Crohn’s disease is more limited. E. Anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, such as steroids and immunomodulators, are used to treat Crohn’s disease but not Ulcerative Colitis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria? A. endotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive B. exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive C. exotoxins are only released into the environment when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down D. exotoxins are components of the outer membrane of the bacteria that produce themarrow_forwardCould other inmates develop botulism from being in contact with theill prisoners?a. Yes, it can be spread in body fluids.b. No, a person must ingest the toxin. c. Yes, it can be carried by inanimate objects.d. No, C. botulinum bacteria cannot grow in human tissue.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage Learning
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781305634350
Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. Schroeder
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Microbial Nutrition and Growth; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK3UkyWjkl8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY