Chapter 9, Problem 9.32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of given nucleophilic substitution has to be suggested and stereochemistry of product has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction: The displacement of atom or group by nucleophilic is known as nucleophilic substitution.

The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ unimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

The first step of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is formation of more stable carbocation then addition of nucleophile is the second step.

Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.

  $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]$

Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction therefore result of this racemic product where formed.

Order of the substrate that favored in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is $3°>2°>1°$ .

$\text{E1}$ reaction: The removal of substituents from alkyl halide is known as elimination reaction.

In E1 reaction, removal of halide ion forms a stable carbocation and this carbocation is stabilized by formation of double bond by removal of hydrogen.