EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133983401
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 9, Problem 9CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The two metabolic pathways for aerobic
Introduction: The process of producing energy in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. This process occurs only in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Oxygen is the basic requirement for aerobic respiration. The aerobic respiration takes place only in the presence of molecular oxygen.
Summary Introduction
To determine: The use of NADH produced in two metabolic pathways that are involved in the aerobic metabolism of glucose.
Introduction: Glucose is a six-carbon molecule that metabolizes aerobically to produce energy. The two pathways that are used for aerobic metabolism of glucose are glycolysis and citric acid cycle.
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If α-ketoglutarate is removed from TCA cycle and used to make glutamate, how many of each of the cofactors (not intermediates) and high energy molecules in the TCA cycle are lost? How much ATP does this equate to (NADH = 2.5 ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)?
Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true?
(A) The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to produce NADH for use in anabolic pathways and ribose 6-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.(B) The oxidative arm of the PPP produces (2) NADPH per glucose 6-phosphate that enters the pathway.
(C) Phosphopentose isomerase converts the ribose 5-phosphate made in the oxidative arm of the PPP into ribulose 5-phosphate that is used to form the ribose sugar of nucleotides.(D) The non-oxidative arm of the PPP interconverts between ribose 5-phosphate and a variety of intermediates of b-oxidation.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
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- Assuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of three molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)arrow_forwardWhat enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH? What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that allosterically regulated by NAD+?arrow_forwardHow many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.arrow_forward
- How many molecules of NADH are produced if 12 molecules of glucose enter the glycolytic pathway?arrow_forwardIn some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose phosphate pathway. a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail. b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway, the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.arrow_forwardThe reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is essentially irreversible and is shown below. Which of the following conditions are most likely to lead to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cells? (select two answers) high concentrations of acetyl-CoA high concentrations of pyruvate high concentrations of NADH high concentrations of NAD+ high concentrations of CoAarrow_forward
- How many molecules of NADH are produced when one glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate is metabolized through glycolysis and Krebs cycle?arrow_forwardName three enzymes from the citric acid cycle which are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH. Indicate if the binding of these effectors positively or negatively regulate the activity of each of these enzymesarrow_forwardExplain Why Synthesizing Glucose from Pyruvate in the Anabolic Process of Gluconeogenesis requires more energy than is captured during the Catabolic Process of Oxidizing Glucose (through glycolysis) to Pyruvate - How much of the energy (what percentage) of oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate is captured in Catabolism as NADH (+ H+) and ATP ? - What happens to the rest of the energy of oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate? How much energy (what percentage) is needed to synthesize Glucose from Pyruvate?arrow_forward
- How many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?arrow_forward38,39,40arrow_forwardWhat is the function of NAD+ in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?arrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY