Concept explainers
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
19. Headache Treatment In a study of treatments for very painful “cluster” headaches, 150 patients were treated with oxygen and 148 other patients were given a placebo consisting of ordinary air. Among the 150 patients in the oxygen treatment group, 116 were free from headaches 15 minutes after treatment. Among the 148 patients given the placebo, 29 were free from headaches 15 minutes after treatment (based on data from “High-Flow Oxygen for Treatment of Cluster Headache” by Cohen, Bums, and Goadsby, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 302, No. 22). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the oxygen treatment is effective.
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Based on the results, is the oxygen treatment effective?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Essentials of Statistics, Books a la Carte Edition (6th Edition)
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Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
Statistics for Psychology
Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th Edition)
Basic Business Statistics, Student Value Edition (13th Edition)
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- - test the null hypothesis that the population mean, u is 14.arrow_forwardMORE BENEFITS OF EATING ORGANIC Using specific data, we find a significant difference in the proportion of fruit flies surviving after 13 days between those eating organic potatoes and those eating conventional (not organic) potatoes. This exercise asks you to conduct a hypothesis test using additional data. In this case, we are testing where p, and p, represent the proportion of fruit flies alive at the end of the given time frame of those eating organic food and those eating conventional food, respectively. Use a 5 % significance level. Effect of Organic Soybeans After 5 Days After 5 days, the proportion of fruit flies eating organic soybeans still alive is 0.9, while the proportion still alive eating conventional soybeans is 0.83. The standard error for the difference in proportions is 0.023. What is the value of the test statistic? Round your answer to two decimal places. What is the p-value? Round your answer to three decimal places. p-value= i ! What is the conclusion? Ho: Po Pe…arrow_forwardMORE BENEFITS OF EATING ORGANIC Using specific data, we find a significant difference in the proportion of fruit flies surviving after 13 days between those eating organic potatoes and those eating conventional (not organic) potatoes. This exercise asks you to conduct a hypothesis test using additional data. In this case, we are testing where p, and p, represent the proportion of fruit flies alive at the end of the given time frame of those eating organic food and those eating conventional food, respectively. Use a 5 % significance level. Effect of Organic Bananas After 25 Days After 25 days, the proportion of fruit flies eating organic bananas still alive is 0.45, while the proportion still alive eating conventional bananas is 0.43. The standard error for the difference in proportions is 0.029. What is the value of the test statistic? Round your answer to two decimal places. Z= What is the p-value? Round your answer to three decimal places. p-value = i Ho: Po = Pc Ha: Po > Pe What is…arrow_forward
- hypothesis test, a. determine the null hypothesis. b. determine the alternative hypothesis. c. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Toxic Mushrooms? Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to ani-mals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cad-mium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom Boletus pinicola and pub-lished the results in the paper “Influence of Some Factors in Toxi-city and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain” (Journal ofEnvironmental Science and Health, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439–455). A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean cadmium level in Boletus pinicola mushrooms is greater than the government’s recommended limitarrow_forwardTesting Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Cell Phones and Handedness A study was conducted to investigate the association between cell phone use and hemispheric brain dominance. Among 216 subjects who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones, 166 were right-handed. Among 452 subjects who prefer to use their right ear for cell phones, 436 were right-handed (based on data from “Hemispheric Dominance and Cell Phone Use,” by Seidman et al., JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 139, No. 5). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones is less than the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their right ear…arrow_forwardTesting Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Does Aspirin Prevent Heart Disease? In a trial designed to test the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing heart disease, 11,037 male physicians were treated with aspirin and 11,034 male physicians were given placebos. Among the subjects in the aspirin treatment group, 139 experienced myocardial infarctions (heart attacks). Among the subjects given placebos, 239 experienced myocardial infarctions (based on data from “Final Report on the Aspirin Component of the Ongoing Physicians’ Health Study,” New England Journal of Medicine , Vol. 321: 129–135). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that aspirin has no effect on myocardial infarctions. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. b.…arrow_forward
- State whether each standardized test statistic y allows you to reject the null hypothesis. Explain. x =5.892 Xổ - 22.362 (a) x = 22.360 (b) x? = 5.890 (c) x = 5.894 (d) x = 22.364 (a) Choose the correct answer below. O A. Reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is in the rejection region. O B. Reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is not in the rejection region. C. Do not reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is in the rejection region. O D. Do not reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is not in the rejection region. (b) Choose the correct answer below. O A. Reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is in the rejection region. O B. Do not reject the null hypothesis because standardized the test statistic is not in the rejection region. O c. Do not reject the null hypothesis because the standardized test statistic is in the rejection region. O D.…arrow_forwardTesting Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Accuracy of Fast Food Drive-Through Orders In a study of Burger King drive-through orders, it was found that 264 orders were accurate and 54 were not accurate. For McDonald’s, 329 orders were found to be accurate while 33 orders were not accurate (based on data from QSR magazine). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that Burger King and McDonald’s have the same accuracy rates. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval. c. Relative to accuracy of orders, does either restaurant chain appear to be better?arrow_forwardTourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year (1) Previous Year (2) 1458 1800 Occupied Rooms (X) 1470 Total Rooms (n) 1750 Formulate the hypothesis test can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Oa. Ho: p1=p2 vs Ob. Ho: p1> p2 vs Oc. Ho: p1=p2 vs Od. Ho: p1=p2 vs Ha: p1>p2 Ha: p1=p2 Ha: p1arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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