Gen Combo Ll Biology; Connect W/learnsmart Labs Access Card
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259853197
Author: Robert Brooker
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.1, Problem 2CC
Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is likely to exist for a longer period of time? Explain why this longer existence is necessary.
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G protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells.
Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by
choosing from the menus below.
a
b
b
Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each):
Group of answer choices
transcription factor
с
transcription factor
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d
transcription factor
B
C.
transcription factor
G protein
second messenger
G protein
second messenger
IE
G protein
second messenger
G protein
second messenger
receptor
receptor
receptor
receptor
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
steroid hormone
steroid hormone
steroid hormone
steroid hormone
Provide three examples of some enzyme-coupled receptors bypass intracellular signaling cascades to regulate gene transcription.
In the case of GPCR (G protein coupled receptor) signaling pathways, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The gamma subunit of the trimeric G protein has a transmembrane domain whereas the alpha and beta subunits are peripheral proteins
If G alpha was locked in a GTP bound state, it would be bound to the effector enzyme rather than to the beta and gamma subunits.
In some but not all signaling pathways, when the beta and gamma subunits are separated from alpha - the beta/gamma pair can also stimulate the activation of effectors
Chapter 9 Solutions
Gen Combo Ll Biology; Connect W/learnsmart Labs Access Card
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Researchers have found that a certain signal transduction pathway, illustrated in the figure below, may be responsible for the development of cancer in pancreatic cells. In normal pancreatic cells, where the pathway remains inactive, a membrane-bound receptor called Ptc inhibits a downstream protein known as Smo. The inhibition of Smo blocks the activa- tion of a complex of proteins known as the HSC, which results in the cleaving of one of its proteins called Ci. The cleaving of Ci, in turn, prevents the pathway from initiating the syn- thesis of division-facilitating enzymes. A Ptc B Smo с inhibition D A model of a Ptc signal transduction pathway under normal conditions. HSC Ci cleavage A certain protein called the Hedgehog protein (Hh) is found to activate this signal transduction pathway and trigger uninterruptable cell division. cell division not initiated Which of the following describes the most plausible mechanism by which Hh triggers uninterruptable cell division? Hh binds to…arrow_forwardGTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEFarrow_forwardHow would signaling between two cells e affected by the following mutation: occludes (NA) (obtains new function that induces large gaps)arrow_forward
- In response to a hormone secreted by a cell of the opposite mating type, a yeast cell undergoes a complex series of physiological changes involving the activity of about 200 genes and cytoplasmic proteins. They include blockingDNA synthesis, growing toward the mating partner, fusion of the plasma membranes of the two cells, and fusion of their nuclear membranes. Explain how all these events can be controlled through a complex signaling cascade that is triggered by the binding of the hormone to a G protein–linkedreceptor.arrow_forwardWhat is a signal sequence, and what is it recognized by? In what cellular process do signal sequences play a critical role?arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forward
- The G-protein Ras is involved in proliferative signaling, and is mutated is a large fraction of human cancers. Almost all mutations in Ras mutate the glycine at codon 12. These mutations lock Ras in an active conformation. How will the GTPase activity of a Ras protein with a G12 mutation compare to a normal Ras protein without the mutation? (10 words maximum)arrow_forwardWhat is a signal-transduction pathway? Why are mutations in components of signal-transduction pathways often associated with cancer?arrow_forwardHormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRH) and within the cell (içRH). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone H. H H extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR») icR GDP RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival H icR G, phase (resting) Raf HK GSK-3P MEK M G2 icR - hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE CDK1 Cyclin A nucleus cyclin A Fos A promoter Created in BioRender.com bio Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRH). The activated CSRH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression.…arrow_forward
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