Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.L2, Problem 4CT
The enzymes required to carry out transcription and translation are themselves produced through these same processes. Speculate which may have come first in evolution—proteins or
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 9.1 - 1. Define heredity, genetics, genome, gene,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Compare the basic nature of genetic material in...Ch. 9.1 - 3. Explain how DNA is organized and packaged.Ch. 9.1 - 4. Describe the chemical structure of DNA and Its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 9.1 - 6. Describe the process of DNA replication as it...Ch. 9.1 - 1. Compare the genetic material of eukaryotes,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Characterize the organization of genetic...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.1 - 4. What are the fundamental building blocks of DNA...
Ch. 9.1 - 5. Describe what is meant by the antiparallel...Ch. 9.1 - 6. Explain the synthesis of the leading and...Ch. 9.1 - 7. Name several characteristics of DNA structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 9.2 - 9. Describe the different types of RNA and their...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 9.2 - 11. Describe the genetic code, codons, and...Ch. 9.2 - 12. Recount the participants and steps in...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 9.2 - 8. How is the language of a gene expressed?Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 9.2 - 10. Construct a table that compares the structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 9.2 - 15. Briefly describe the events in translation.Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 9.2 - 17. Summarize how bacterial and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 9.3 - 14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial...Ch. 9.3 - 15. Describe the main features of the lactose...Ch. 9.3 - 16. Describe the main features of repressible...Ch. 9.3 - 17. Summarize some aspects of genetic control by...Ch. 9.3 - 19. What is an operon? Describe the functions of...Ch. 9.3 - 20. Compare and contrast the lac operon and...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 9.3 - 22. At which levels of DNA regulation do small...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 9.4 - Summarize the causes and types of mutations and...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 9.4 - Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of...Ch. 9.4 - Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the primary causes, types, and outcomes...Ch. 9.4 - Explain the purposes behind replica plating and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain recombination in bacteria and what it...Ch. 9.5 - Describe the main features of conjugation and its...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 9.5 - Identify the basic processes involved in...Ch. 9.5 - Discuss transposons and their importance to...Ch. 9.5 - Compare conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain the differences between general and...Ch. 9.5 - By means of a flowchart, show the possible jumps...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the major elements of viral genetics.Ch. 9.6 - Compare aspects of the genetics of DNA and RNA...Ch. 9.6 - Explain why some viruses must enter the nucleus to...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the difference between positive-strand and...Ch. 9.6 - Outline the basic steps in the replication cycles...Ch. 9.L1 - What is the smallest unit of heredity (genotype)?...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 9.L1 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9.L1 - DNA replication is considered semiconservative...Ch. 9.L1 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9.L1 - The base pairs are held together primarily by a....Ch. 9.L1 - Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated...Ch. 9.L1 - Messenger RNA is formed by _______ of a gene on...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which genetic material could be transmitted...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which of the following is present in prokaryotes...Ch. 9.L1 - Multiple Matching. Fill in the blanks with all the...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 9.L1 - Explain how it would be possible for A. baumannii...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 9.L1 - The following sequence represents triplets on DNA:...Ch. 9.L1 - Describe the actions οf all of the enzymes...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 9.L1 - Examine the following series of words and identify...Ch. 9.L2 - Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle...Ch. 9.L2 - Using the piece of DNA in writing-challenge...Ch. 9.L2 - Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not...Ch. 9.L2 - The enzymes required to carry out transcription...Ch. 9.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 9.L2 - Activation, transcription, and translation of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Explain the mechanisms by which RNA can control...Ch. 9.L2 - Ex�Ιain how epigenetics is related to the...Ch. 9.L2 - Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole...Ch. 9.L2 - From figure 9.17, step 3. Label each part of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Examine figure 8.11, and explain which type of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Answer the question below based on your own understanding; Why do you think all organisms use nucleic acids for encoding genetic information? Why not use proteins or carbohydrates? What advantages might DNA have as the source of genetic information?arrow_forwardRNA is often characterized as being the first“biologically active” molecule. What two properties or activitiesdoes RNA display that are important to the evolution of life? Hint:Neither proteins nor DNA have both of these properties.arrow_forwardWhich event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? a. Poly-A polymerase enzymes process mRNA in the nucleus. b. Endonuclease enzymes splice out and repair damaged DNA. c. Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. d. Codons specifying amino acids are degenerate and universal.arrow_forward
- A biologist inserted a gene from a human liver cell into the DNA of a bacterium. The bacteriumthen transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. The proteinproduced was useless; it contained many more amino acids than the protein made by the humanliver cell and the amino acids were in a different sequence. Explain how this happened.arrow_forwardAlthough they are both nucleic acids, RNA and DNA carry out different functions. Which statement describes a similarity between the two macromolecules? O They share two purines and two pyrimidines. O They are both composed of 5-carbon sugars. O They are self-replicating. They are double stranded.arrow_forwardDNA sequences can act as "tape measures of evolution". Scientists analyzing the human genome sequence were surprised to find that some regions of the human genome that are most highly conserved (similar to comparable regions in other species) don't code for proteins at all. Given what you've learned about "genes" speculate on reasons why this might be so.arrow_forward
- The sequence of nucleotides found in mRNA is determined by the a) structure of DNA polymerase, b) sequence of amino acids in a protein, c) large complex proteins, d) sequence of nucleotides in a gene, e) fatty acids and glycerol in the cell.arrow_forwardDuring the course of evolution why DNA was choosen over RNA as genetic materials?arrow_forward. The DNA of a bacteria is contained where in the cell?a. in the nucleusb. in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoidc. at the ribosomesd. within the lipopolysaccharide layerarrow_forward
- Explain why scientists preferred proteins as the source of genetic material over DNA. A. DNA seemed too simple of a molecule compared to proteins B. Proteins are made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids compared to DNA's 4 bases. The larger number seemed more likely to account for all the variety and diversity in organisms. C. Scientists knew more about proteins than they did DNA. D. All of the answers are correct explanations.arrow_forwardStanley Miller’s experiment demonstrated that ________ .a. Earth is more than 4 billion years oldb. under some conditions, amino acids can assemblespontaneously from inorganic materialsc. oxygen is necessary for all lifed. RNA was the first genomearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describe(s) the basis of the RNA World Hypothesis? A RNA are molecular machines that keep cells alive B RNA can form the biomolecules C Early RNAs are self-replicating D RNA can store informationarrow_forward
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