(a)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean..
(b)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(c)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(d)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(e)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(f)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
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Chapter A1 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- A clinical chemist obtained the following data for the alcohol content of a sample of blood: % C,H,OH: 0.084, 0.089, and o.079. Calculate the 95% confi- dence interval for the mean assuming that (a) the three results obtained are the only indication of the precision of the method and that (b), from previous experience on hundreds of samples, we know that the standard deviation of the method s = 0.005% C,H,OH and is a good estimate of o.arrow_forwardA titrimetric method for the determination of calcium in limestone was tested with the analysis of a NIST limestone containing 30.15% CaO. The mean of the four analyzes is 30.26% CaO with a standard deviation of 0.085%. From the data accumulated from many analyzes, s→ϭ=0.094% CaO was found.a) Do the data indicate the presence of systematic error at the 95% confidence level?b) When a value for ϭ is unknown, do the data show a systematic error at the 95% confidence level?arrow_forwardA method for the detection of morphine is used to generate a calibration curve in which the assay response (y) is plotted versus morphine concentration (x, in mg/L). This gives a straight line with a slope (m) of 0.241 and a y-intercept (b) of 0.011, where y = mx + b. The slope of this line has a standard deviation of ±0.007, and the standard deviation of the intercept is ±0.006. If the sample from an athlete gives a response of 0.506 ± 0.013 in this method, what is the concentration of morphine in the sample and estimated precision of this concentration?arrow_forward
- Find the result (c) and the absolute standard deviation (sc) as propagated in the following calculation. Express final result and its propagated standard deviation with an appropriate number of significant figures. a = 5.75 (+0.05)+0.833 (±0.001); b = 3.75 (±0.02);c = albarrow_forwardA solution is prepared by weighing 5.0000 g of cesium iodide into a 100-mL volumetric flask. The balance used has a precision of 0.2 mg reported as a standard deviation, and the volumetric flask could be filled with a precision of 0.15mL also reported as a standard deviation. What is the estimated standard deviation of concentration (g/mL)?arrow_forwardGive all the answersarrow_forward
- A chemical synthesis was carried out four times, resulting in yields of 51.2%,51.2%, 57.4%,57.4%, 48.1%,48.1%, and 44.6%.44.6%. Calculate the range, mean, and average deviation of these values.arrow_forward8) Two different analytical methods are compared for determining Ca. The following are two sets of data. Set 1 Set 2 155.779 155.784 155.787 155.787 155.813 155.765 155.781 155.793 i. i. Determine the mean and the standard deviation in Set 1. Calculate the 95% confidence limit for data in Set 1. Identify a possible outlier in Set 2. Use the Q-test to determine whether it can be retained or rejected at 95% confidence level. ii.arrow_forward3-3 Types of Error; 3-4 Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error (30 min) If A = 3.475 (+0.002), B = 87.336 (±0.001), C = 10.004 5 (±0.000 5), D = 11.8 (+0.2), and E = 5.10 (±0.03), report the answers of the following calculations with both the absolute uncertainty and the percent relative uncertainty. a) (A - B) XE c) b) (C+D)/(AXE) d) [(A+B+C) x (B-C-E)] / [DXE] (10-D)/(E/1000) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: -428 (13) or -427.7 (±2.5) Answer w/% relative uncertainty: -428 (±0.6%) or -427.7 (±0.5⁹%) b) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 1.23 (±0.01) or 1.230 (+0.013) Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 1.23 (±1%) or 1.230 (+1.1%) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 3 (±1) x 10-10 or 3.1 (±1.4) × 10-10 Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 3 (±50%) x 10-10 or 3.1 (±46%) × 10-10 Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 121 (±2) or 121.0 (+1.4) Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 121 (±2%) or 121.0 (±1.8%)arrow_forward
- For the determination of iron in used jet engine oil, 30 analyzes with 3 repetitions each were made by atomic absorption method and the standard deviation was found s=2.4 µg Fe/mL. Since this standard deviation value is close to the ϭ value, the iron concentration of 18.5 µg Fe/mL(a) by a single analysis,(b) as the average of the two analyzes,(c) Calculate the 80% and 95% confidence intervals if found as the mean of four analyses.arrow_forwardA volume of 250 ml of a 0.05 M solution of a reagent of formula weight (relative molecular mass) 40 was made up, the weighing being done by difference. The standard deviation of each weighing was 0.0001 g. 1 (a) What were the standard deviation and relative standard deviation of the weight of reagent used?arrow_forwardA volumetric calcium analysis on samples of the blood serum of a patient believed to be suffering from a hyperparathyroid condition produced the following data: mmol Ca/L = 3.10, 3.08, 3.28, 3.15, 3.26, 3.12, 3.14, 3.18, 3.25, 3.11, 2.95. Calculate: Mean Standard deviation Coefficient of variation What is the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the data, assuming no prior information about the precision of the analysis? Apply the Q test to the following data sets to determine whether the outlying result should be retained or rejected at the 95% confidence level. ( work on the first measurements according to your case)arrow_forward
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning