GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter D, Problem 14P
The mtDNA sequence of Neandertals is more similar to that of modern humans that to that of Denisovans. However, analyses of nuclear DNA clearly indicate that Neandertals and Denisovans share a more recent common ancestor than either of these hominins shares with modern humans. Propose a hypothesis to resolve the discrepancy between the mtDNA and the nuclear genome.
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Apart from the actual physical evolution of HOMININ, there has also been an evolution in the type and method of food intake of hominins from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus and Paranthropus (so together they are both Australopithecus), to Homo habilis to Homo erectus to Neanderthals and finally to Homo sapiens. Explain this by defining the difference using the groupings I mentioned.
What is the difference between a "derived"
versus a “primitive" trait? Give an example
of both, seen in Au. afarensis.
Which of the paleoenvironment hypotheses
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diversity, and which have been used to
describe bipedalism?
Which anatomical features for bipedalism
do we see in early hominins? Are these
primarily obligate bipeds? Explain.
Describe the dentition of gracile and robust
australopithecines. What might these tell us
about their relative diets?
List the hominin species argued to be
associated with stone tool technologies. Are
you convinced of these associations?
Why/why not?
What are the potential implications of the H. luzonensis and H. floresiensis discoveries on our understanding of the human evolutionary timeline and interactions between different hominin species? (Minimum of 2 complete sentences.)
Chapter D Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. D - Why might mitochondrial, Y chromosome, and...Ch. D - What insights have analyses of human mitochondrial...Ch. D - What lines of evidence support the hypothesis that...Ch. D - Discuss how both gains and losses of regulatory...Ch. D - D.5 How do copy number variants arise? Do they...Ch. D - Consider possible societal and ethical dilemmas...Ch. D - Prob. 7PCh. D - Describe how selection at a locus can result in a...Ch. D - D.9 How can ancient DNA provide insight into past...Ch. D - D.10 Denisovans are known from bones found in...
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- Homo erectus was most likely the first hominid to successfully migrate to regions beyond Africa. Discuss how the biology and culture of Homo erectus led to its success on three major continents with varying environmentsarrow_forward"Neanderthals have revealed interesting elements of the human genome". What are those elements ?arrow_forwardAccording to "Our Earliest Ancestors", why can’t scientists just do DNA analysis on these fossil hominins to determine if they are a separate species and possibly what species they belong to? A.The technology for extracting DNA from fossils hasn't been developed yet. B.Scientists can't perform DNA analysis on fossil hominins because the fossils have been contaminated with modern human DNA over the years, making it impossible to isolate the ancient genetic material. C.The fossils would need to be in a -5 degree Celsius environment to prevent DNA from degrading D.The DNA of fossil hominins is too similar to modern humans, making it difficult to distinguish between them.arrow_forward
- A skull of Homo Neanderthalensisis tested using carbon14. Palaeontologists are wondering about whether the Neanderthal was living at the same time as Homo sapiens, known to be living in the same area 45 000 years ago. Measurements shown the original amount of carbon-14 isotope present in the skull when Neanderthal died is only 1.56%. A) How old is the Neanderthal fossil? B) Could this Neanderthal have been living with Homo sapiens in this area at the same time?arrow_forwardNeanderthal fossils were first discovered in the nineteenth century. Study of their morphology suggested that Neanderthals were more closely related to humans than any living species of primate was. Much later, it became possible to sequence DNA from Neanderthal fossils and compare the sequences to those from other primates. Did the results confirm or refute the earlier conclusions based on morphology? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich statement is NOT true about the early hominins: A) The angle of the foramen magnum on Sahelanthropus tchadensis ("Toumai") indicates a vertically oriented upper neck, a clear sign of bipedalism. B) The reconstructed skeleton of Ardipithecus ramidus ("Ardi") suggests she was adapted for bipedal walking and climbing in trees. C) Early hominins such as Sahelanthropus and Ardipithecus had small, chimp-sized brain. D) All of the above are true.arrow_forward
- According to "Our Earliest Ancestors", why can’t scientists just do DNA analysis on these fossil hominins to determine if they are a separate species and possibly what species they belong to? A.The fossils would need to be in a -5 degree Celsius environment to prevent DNA from degrading B.The DNA of fossil hominins is too similar to modern humans, making it difficult to distinguish between them. C.Scientists can't perform DNA analysis on fossil hominins because the fossils have been contaminated with modern human DNA over the years, making it impossible to isolate the ancient genetic material. D.The technology for extracting DNA from fossils hasn't been developed yetarrow_forwardThe Out of Africa hypothesis (also called the African Replacement hypothesis) proposes that Homo sapiens arose in Africa and evolved there for several hundred thousand years. Then, some 85,000 years ago, a small band of Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and populated the remainder of the world. Based on this hypothesis, what predictions would you make about worldwide human variation in mtDNA?arrow_forwardArdipithecus differs from Australopithecus in which of the following ways? Group of answer choices A.Australopithecus had smaller teeth. B.Ardipithecus had no arboreal adaptations. C.Australopithecus is a more recent genus than Ardipithecus. D.Ardipithecus is not part of the hominid lineage. E.Ardipithecus was not capable of bipedal locomotion.arrow_forward
- Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why?arrow_forwardExplain the change in the classification of hominids in recent years. What hominoids are we now considered to be most closely related to?arrow_forwardPlace the following hominids in the correct order from earliest to most recent by numbering them from 1 to 5. a. archaic Homo sapiens b. Australopithecus afarensis c. modern Homo sapiens d. Homo habilis e. Homo erectusarrow_forward
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