Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The name that appears for a one-carbon branch should be given.
Concept introduction: Systematic way to name different organic compounds is
Rules for nomenclature of
1 The longest continuous carbon chain is identified first and named in accordance with number of carbon atoms present in it. For example, hydrocarbon with one carbon atom has prefix “meth”, that with two carbon atoms has prefix “eth”, that with three carbon atoms has prefix “prop” and so on. Suffix used for alkanes is “ane.”
2. Substituents attached to parent carbon chain are to be identified. These are named by removal of single hydrogen atom from carbon chain end and named by replacement of suffix “ane” by “yl.” For example if
3. Carbons of parent chain are named in such way that substituents acquire the lowest numbers.
4. If same substituent is present more than one time in molecule, it is represented by prefix “di”, “tri” and so on. It depends on number of times substituent occurs in molecule.
5. If two or more substituents are present in molecule, these are named in alphabetical order.
6. If carbon chains of same length exist in same molecule, chain with the largest number of side chains, followed by lowest number to substituents, chain with the greatest number of carbon atoms in smaller chain and chain with the least branched side chains are preferred over other ones.
7. Prefix “cyclo” is used if cyclic alkane is present in molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: The name that appears for the two-carbon branch should be given.
Concept introduction: Systematic way to name different organic compounds is IUPAC nomenclature. It has three parts: root name, suffix, and prefix.
Rules for nomenclature of alkanes:
1 The longest continuous carbon chain is identified first and named in accordance with number of carbon atoms present in it. For example, hydrocarbon with one carbon atom has prefix “meth”, that with two carbon atoms has prefix “eth”, that with three carbon atoms has prefix “prop” and so on. Suffix used for alkanes is “ane.”
2. Substituents attached to parent carbon chain are to be identified. These are named by removal of single hydrogen atom from carbon chain end and named by replacement of suffix “ane” by “yl.” For example if
3. Carbons of parent chain are named in such way that substituents acquire the lowest numbers.
4. If same substituent is present more than one time in molecule, it is represented by prefix “di”, “tri” and so on. It depends on number of times substituent occurs in molecule.
5. If two or more substituents are present in molecule, these are named in alphabetical order.
6. If carbon chains of same length exist in same molecule, chain with the largest number of side chains, followed by lowest number to substituents, chain with the greatest number of carbon atoms in smaller chain and chain with the least branched side chains are preferred over other ones.
7. Prefix “cyclo” is used if cyclic alkane is present in molecule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter NW1 Solutions
Custom eBook for Organic Chemistry
- (E) What suffix do all the names in Model 1 have in common with each other?arrow_forwardBe sure to answer all parts. Draw the structure corresponding to each IUPAC name. a. propylcyclopentane draw structure... b. 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane draw structure...arrow_forwardA. Draw the meantime r of ephedrine. You can use line structures or a hybrid line structure/condense drawing like the one shown. Be sure it is clear which bonds are wedge and which are dash. B. Draw a diastereomer of ephedrine.arrow_forward
- When a disaccharide forms, a / an Select one: O a. alkyl: to any carbon in either of the monosaccharides O b. amide: between an ammonium cation and both anomeric carbons O C. ester: to a straight-chain aldose d. ether: to an anomeric carbon O e. ketone: to both anomeric carbons Clear my choice linkage is created Previous pagearrow_forwardConsider 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane.a. Draw structures for the cis and trans isomers using a hexagon for the six-membered ring.b. Draw the two possible chair conformations for the cis isomer. Which conformation, if either, is more stable?c. Draw the two possible chair conformations for the trans isomer. Which conformation, if either, is more stable?d. Which isomer, cis or trans, is more stable and why?arrow_forwardthe left should have a higher temperature right? draw a newman project please.arrow_forward
- OH a. Draw the cis and trans isomer of the molecule above. b. Draw the chair form of the trans isomer of the molecule. C. Draw the flipped chair form of the trans isomer of the molecule. d. What is the more stable chair form?arrow_forward20. Circle any two structures. Below each structure, write the name of the compound. Onl graded if you draw more than two. Use cis or trans in the name.arrow_forwardWhat type of strain energy is present in a molecule of cyclopropane? A. Torsional strain B. Angle strain C. Steric strain D. Only A and B E. A, B, and Carrow_forward
- Be sure to answer all parts. Draw the structure corresponding to each IUPAC name. a. 3,3-dimethylpentane CH₂ CH₂ edit structure... b. 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane -CH₂ CH₂ CH3 CH₂ edit structure ... CH₂ Xarrow_forwardCircle the correct “Class” name for each pair.1. Aromatic or benzene ring2. Hydroxyl or alcohol3. Single bond or Alkane4. Thiol or sulfhydryl5. Carbonyl or Aldehyde Circle the correct “Functional group” name for each pair6. Triple bond or Alkyne7. Alcohol or hydroxyl8. Amine or Amino9. Carbonyl or Ketone10. Ether or Alkoxyarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning