Aptamer

Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates the degradation of the sequence-dependent RNA target cell, causing a posttranscrip-tional gene-silencing mechanism or inhibition of cellular gene expression. 1 This mechanism was first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 by Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello, where they observed that the introduction of the dsRNA in the animal cell resulted in an inhibition expression of the homologous

Construction of the nanobody library Overlapping PCR method was performed for the construction of CDR3 region from degenerate primer (Fig.2a). Degenerate primer in CDR3, according to NKK number in primer, determined diversity of the library. The diversity of the library theoretically could be 10 24, but practically it was estimated to be 5×1011CFU/ml. By PCR assembly approach, CDR3 region was linked to the framework using primer listed in table1 (Fig.2b). In order to obtain acceptable diversity,

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government dedicated to space research and exploration. Since its launch by then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958, the world has come to owe a great deal to NASA for its advances in human curiosity and discovery. NASA requires research and collaboration on a global level, and employs highly-skilled people from a diverse range of backgrounds, including the military, medicine, and various

Among the different living organisms on our earth planet, there is competition for resources, the ecosystem supporting life of venomous organisms and always survival of the fittest (Darwin, 1859). Venomous animals are well known in our world as a subject of fear and fascination for many people. Venomous animals distributed in several regions around the world especially in the tropics and subtropics regions. It is now accepted that there are more than 100.000 venomous animal species throughout the

Abstract Aim of this project is to study opportunities and challenges of novel biosensor technology for cancer diagnosis/prognosis and how people perceive the technology in relation to the risk involve. Study shows the earlier cancer is been perceived in a person, there is a higher chance of there being a cure for it. Lately, most cancers are detected and diagnosed after it has fully grown. Hence, sensitive and accurate methods for early detection of relevant biomarkers for clinical diagnosis are

1.4.5 Biosensor Biosensor and related bioarray techniques are rapidly growing fields. A biosensor is an analytical device that converts the concentration of the target substances into an electrical signal via a combination of biological or biologically-derived recognition systems, either integrated within or intimately associated with a suitable physico-chemical transducer. Essentially, biosensors consist of three parts: recognition, a transducer and a signal output. A biological sensing element

binding with small molecules or peptides undergo conformational changes to control gene expression at translational level. Riboswitches are conceptually comprised of two parts (i) ligand specific aptamer domain, and (ii) expression platform, which undergoes structural changes in response to the changes in the aptamer (Winkler & Breaker, 2005). Ligand driven conformational change regulates translation either by sequestering ribosome binding site or by releasing it (Caron et al, 2012). Engineered riboswitches

The approach described above is novel and original because we are integrating the high level of programmability of DNA with natural catalysts, which are very significant to progress in many different scientific fields. Such integration enables coupling of enzymes to circuits that are capable of decision making and self-regulation, leading to an unprecedented level of control of catalytic reactions. To achieve our objectives, we will develop methods to systematically design, model and test both dynamic

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85% of lung cancer case1,2. Due to metastasis and other individual conditions, only 30% of the patients are able to go for a surgery, the best regarded treatment method2. Others predominately use tradition chemo- and radio-based therapeutic methods, which held poor treatment outcome with only 15% of the patient lives longer than 5 years1. However, since the establishment of RNAi therapy in 1998, the efficacy of RNAi on tumour activity related genes was

RIG-I recognizes bacterial ligands in glial cells. RIG-I is traditionally viewed as a viral pattern recognition receptor, however, more recently the pathogen ligands for RIG-I have been expanded to include bacteria nucleic acids. In non-CNS cell types RIG-I has been documented to identify bacteria RNA directly or DNA indirectly via an RNA polymerase III dependent mechanisms. RIG-I dependent recognition of bacterial nucleic acids was demonstrated to be pathogen and cell type specific. In glial cells