Epidermal growth factor receptor

brain function. It protects the brain from damage and stimulates repair after injury. Some other functions include raising the epidermal growth factor , normalizing blood

TREATMENT of localized prostate cancer usually includes prostatectomy and radiation therapy, occasionally augmented with hormonal therapies. However, Fu et al., (2012) have noted that recurrence of prostate cancer occurs in about 15% of patients within 5 years after prostatectomy and in about 40% patients within 10 years. Although, more than 70% of patients are expected to survive for more than 10 years after prostatectomy, radiation

luminal A: ER+ and/or PR+/HER2−; luminal B: ER+ and/or PR+/ HER2+; HER-2 positive: ER−/PR−/HER2+ and basal-like (basaloid or triple-negative) ER−/PR−/HER2− and/or CK5/6+ and/or EGF+ (epidermal growth factor-positive) (Burstein et al., 2008). TNBC means invasive breast cancer lacking hormonal (estrogen and progesterone) receptor (ER/PR) as well as HER2 (ERBB2) expression. It represents 15% of total invasive breast cancers, occurs at a higher rate in young African-American women, and being in general of

revealed that delayed T-lymphocyte infiltration and decrease in concentration of these cells may lead to impaired wound healing. Specifically the dendritic epidermal-cells (DETC), due to their unique dendritic morphology, transform keratinocytes and produce fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), keratinocytes growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor-1, to support keratinocyte proliferation and cell survival. The third phase is proliferation or new tissue

Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that specifically interferes with the HER2 receptor. It treats the overexpressed HER2 protein that causes the cells to reproduce uncontrollably. Additionally, it targets the HER 2 protein through the five proposed cytostatic, cytotoxic, and antiangiogenic mechanisms of action. The mechanisms are

Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, which is specifically designed to target HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2) receptors found on breast cells( Tan, 2010) . HER2 is a receptor protein that is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and is over expressed in approximately 10-20% of breast cancers that have amplification of the HER2 gene (Jatoi, et al., 2010). Herceptin has been found to selectively apply anti-tumor effects in cancer models and patients

Along with IGF-I, PTH induces Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κB Ligand (RANKL) and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF) from mature osteoblasts to promote osteoclastogenesis (150). PTH elevates cAMP levels and inhibits Mef2-stimulated Sost promoter activity in osteocytes, leading to decreased expression of sclerostin

disease primarily of epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrate to be a secondary event. However, subsequent studies presented evidences that innate as well as adaptive immunity are crucial in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic plaques. Type 1 and type 17 T lymphocytes secrete respectively (IFN-γ), (IL-2), IL-17, IL-22, in addition to TNF-α and IL6 (Gisondi and Girolomoni 2009). The pathophysiology of psoriasis is characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation

1.1 Lung Cancer and its implications: Lung cancer also called as pulmonary carcinoma or carcinoma of lungs, is a malignant lung tumor that causes uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth can spread to all other parts of body by a process called metastasis. Lung cancer can be primarily typed into Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer).The most common symptoms include respiratory symptoms such as coughing

depending on their chemical nature, requiring either some transporters that permit their cellular entry, or receptors to bind to them to convey their actions unaccompanied by any cells entry. Immediately after this, by the ability of resistance to bring about transformations that change the actions or reducing surface transporters and receptors expression. For example, minimized extracellular receptor expression or transformations facilitate one or both folate transporters leading to defective uptake of