Luciferase

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a trinucleotide energy molecule generated through metabolic pathways of living cells. Therefore, the detection of ATP can be correlated with the prevalence of microorganisms. ATP is measured after being reacted with luciferase, which produces light (luminescence). This light can then be quantified as relative fluorescence units (RFUs) and be correlated with levels of ATP. Significantly high levels of ATP suggest that a cleaning procedure should be commenced. Monitoring

Discussion While conducting this experiment many questions came to mind what effect can plasmids had on the transformation of E. coli and why did CaCl2 had to be used. During the experiment the solution was used to neutralized negative charges and heat sock was done to traumatize the cell membrane to get the cell ready for the intake of plasmids. As shown above observation can be made from the agar plate which describes the affect that plasmid had on the each. First, with the LB c, LB np and LB

The assay relies on the properties of a luciferase, which generates a stable “glow-type” luminescent signal. ATP disodium salt will be used to generate a standard curve using the same plate on which the samples are assayed on. Since endogenous ATPase enzymes are found in serum may reduce ATP levels

The signaling pathways that control stem cell fate have received considerable attention from the scientific community in the hope that these pathways can be harnessed to treat diseases 1. Chemical genetics, the use of small biologically-active compounds to study a biological system, has proven especially useful for studying these signaling pathways. The chemical genetic approach is advantageous because small molecules grant experimenters remarkably precise control over the degree of perturbation2

The highlight of the study is the validation of c-Myc in the genetic regulation, a process that is unaided by AR. Here, it is delineated that LNCaP/PCGEM1 transfected with Myc-responsive luciferase construct resulted in transactivation of the transcription factor c-Myc and upregulated PCGEM1 and c-Myc increased promoter activity, validating that PCGEM1 and c-Myc connect and form a complex to control gene expression in prostate cancer. This

Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist named Georg Ernst Stahl was the first to postulate on chemical reaction, specifically, combustion. He said that a substance called phlogiston escaped into the air from all substances

Humans and mice share similar pathological and physiological features in immune, cadiovascular, nervous, endocrine and other systems1. Manny similarities are also found when comparing their genomes. In addition to those similar features, mice can be easily manipulated genetically2, therefore, making them attractive in becoming models for biomedical research. Manipulation of mice genetically allows generation of human pathologies models. These models can then be used in biomedical experiments to understand

coli obtains this gene, it is able to survive in an environment that is ampicillin-rich. Lux plasmids were the second type used to provide bioluminescence in the cultures of E. coli grown. The lux plasmid contains genetic material which codes for luciferase, an enzyme which catalyzes bioluminescence, a light-emitting reaction. This is considered the marker where transformation efficiency can be analyzed through the light emissions. Several techniques were implemented in this study to improve E. coli

Deep-Sea Creature Adaptions Deep-Sea creatures in the Bathypelagic Zone and lower must adapt to survive. Adapting to this harsh environment didn’t take only a few years, this process has occured over millions of years and will continue to occur. Some characteristics that the organisms adapted are things like: the ambush strategy, extended spines, smaller sizes, deep-sea giantism, bioluminescence, transparant skins, large mouths, large teeth, large stomachs, large eyes, slow metabolic rates, lateral

After analyzing the data recorded for both the agar plates containing ampicillin and those that did not, it can be concluded that the data provides enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. There is enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis stating that there is a correlation between plasmids coding for an antibiotic resistant gene and bacterial growth in ampicillin. When a bacterial solution containing either pUC18 or the lux plasmid is transformed in an agar plate containing ampicillin