Neoplasm

Paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm of neuroendocrine origin which may develop at many different anatomical sites including head and neck, thorax, and abdomen. The occurrence of paraganglioma in lower spine is rare, but well established as one of the differential. The investigation of choice pre-operatively is magnetic resonance imaging4, which usually shows a very well circumscribed partially cystic mass which is iso- or hypointense to spinal cord on T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on T2-weighted

p16INK4a overexpression in pre-malignant lesions Several pieces of evidence suggested that the ability to bypass senescence is the main molecular mechanism involved in the progression of pre-malignant to malignant cells (Braig 2005; Collado 2007). This hypothesis is based on the concept of oncogene-induced senescence, which was established after demonstration of p53- and p16Ink4a - mediated senescent-like arrest in response to expression of oncogenic Ras in normal primary cells (Collado 2007).

Doctors may use the terms cancer, malignancy, lump, neoplasm, growth and tumour interchangeably. The tumour is often multifocal i.e. there are several tumour nodules present within the liver. We do not know if this is because it starts off as one tumour that then spreads within the liver via blood vessels, or if several separate tumours start to grow at the same time. Once the tumour cells get into the blood circulation, HCC can spread to the lungs, bones and nearly any other part of the body. Tumour

Radial scars are benign pseudo infiltrative lesions of uncertain significance. They are characterized by a fibro elastotic core with entrapped ducts, surrounded by radiating ducts and lobules displaying variable epithelial hyperplasia, adenosis, duct ectasia, and papillomatosis. Some authors have suggested using the term "radial scar" for lesions measuring was reserved for lesions measuring 1 cm or larger. (Guray and Sahin,2006) Radial scars may serve for the development of atypical epithelial proliferations

Stromal tumors of the ovary include thecoma and fibroma, yet as differentiation between these two types may be difficult, the term fibrothecoma has emerged. The exact incidence of fibrothecoma is unknown, although they have been described as rare ovarian neoplasms1. Here we present an unusual clinical manifestation of ovarian fibrothecoma with abdominal distension in a young female. Grossly, the resected left ovarian mass measured 16x16x10 cm and right ovarian mass measured 3.5x2x0.4 cm. Cut surface

Two of the main functions of galectin-8 are cell adhesion and cell growth. These functions also occur in the protease-resistant form of galectin-8. Galectin-8 is a type of protein that is secreted. When it is secreted, is serves a modulator for cell adhesion [3]. When the protein is stopped, it promotes cell adhesion. This occurs by ligation and gathering of a select group of integrin receptors [3]. Recall that galectin-8 is a sugar binding protein. Therefore, when there is a formation between galectin-8

Benign cell is used to describe both medical conditions tumors an usually refers to a process that's not especially dangerous. For instance uterine fibroid are common benign tumors. Benign is not cancerous, will not cause death. There are different types of benign tumors the most frequent tumor in women is perimenopausal. The benign tumor can be deadly if it grows in an enclosed space such as the skull, or in regions of the body where their presence can damage vital organs they can be dangerous

gene. One of these tumors is the hemangioblastoma. These tumors most commonly occur in the retina, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Hemangioblastomas are well-circumscribed, benign neoplasms containing capillary vessels. They do not invade or metastasize but do cause symptoms from increased pressure and hemorrhage. In the retina, they occur in the periphery or the juxtapapillary region and they can result in vision loss from tumor edema, exudation, and/or traction. Hemorrhage can also result in glaucoma

According to PubMed، brain tumors are expressed by a collection of neoplasms which are arising from different cells, both from within the brain parenchyma and from systemic tumors that have metastasized and spread to the brain. Throughout history, malignant brain tumors constitute such a small percentage of overall cancer incidence; therefore, little training has been provided for these tumors. Most these tumors are responsible for the majority of deaths from primary brain cancers. To date, "primary

Malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) is a group of neoplasms that originate from lymphoreticular cells. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor that occurs in dogs. It can be found in various sites throughout the body but is significantly more commonly located among the lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Lymphomas are most commonly found in middle aged and older dogs. Multicentric lymphoma, which is the most common kind of lymphoma that makes up 84 percent of