PH

of H2CO3. Each additional molecule of CO2 would lead to production of one molecule of H+ and HCO3-. 〖CO〗_2+H_2 O→ H_2 CO^3→H^++HCO_3^- (1). Production of H+ will cause plasma pH to fall below 7.4. Normally, increases in H+ concentrations are buffered mostly by haemoglobin, however buffers can only resist small changes in pH. The HCO3- levels increase slightly, but are likely to still remain within normal levels of 22 to 26 mEq/L. This is because equilibrium changes in concentrations is slight compared

reducing the acidity in soil or lakes, an additive in cement, a raw material for mortar, cleaning agents. Controlling the pH of soil pH is a measure of how acidic or alkali a substance is. The acidity or alkalinity of soil is important because it influences how successfully plants take up nutrients from the soil. Nutrients are essential for the growth of the plants. The pH range from 6.0 to 7.5 is considered to be most suitable for nutrients to dissolve (Rodale Inc., n.d.). Absorption of nutrients

CERTIFICATION This project report is certified by the supervisor and approved by the head of department of chemical engineering. Supervisor: HOD: Date: Date: DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to God Almighty, the Source of all wisdom, to him glory and honour be forever Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to all my lecturers, especially the Head of Department (HOD) Chemical

“It is recommended that most women get no more than 100 calories a day of added sugar from any source, and that most men get no more than 150 calories a day of added sugar.*” Too much of any added sugar can lead to cavities, dental problems, etc. Unfortunately, sugar consumed in liquid form, such as sodas or juices, get into hard to reach places in your mouth. Even with regular brushing, sugars from those drinks can be difficult to reach, forming the growth of harmful bacteria. Severe erosion caused

harmful. The acid erodes enamel, exposing the dentine underneath and causing teeth sensitivity. The lower the pH, the more acidic the product is. Anything with a pH value lower than 5.5 may cause erosion: • mineral water (still) pH 7.6 • milk pH 6.9 • cheddar cheese pH 5.9 • lager pH 4.4 • orange juice pH 3.8 • grapefruit pH 3.3 • pickles pH 3.2 • cola pH 2.5 • red wine pH 2.5 • vinegar pH 2.0 4) What food is best to avoid? The World Health Organization advises that daily intake of 'free ' sugars

experiment was collected and averaged for the each of the urine characteristics and contents. The information designated important included the volume of liquid consumed, and amount of urine voided. Additional information was gathered in regards to the pH of the urine, as well as the averaged urine specific density across all of the tested groups. The contents of the urine was also tested for the presence of four substances that would indicate possible a failure in the renal system of the individuals

reaction completed, a different, specific enzyme is utilized. Therefore, each location of each enzyme in the cell is very specific. The speed of the enzyme that is being utilized is dependent on factors that are found in the environment, for example, pH, temperature and the specific chemical reaction that will be occurring. The rate that a catalyst can be most beneficial with regard to temperature is directly proportional to the increase in temperature until the optimal temperature is reached. However

Factors that Affect the Activity of Urease Aim: To investigate closely the factors that can affect the activity of urease. The effect of concentration and temperature can be studied over a period of time leading to the order and activation enthalpy of the reaction. Introduction: UREASE (NH 2 ) 2 CO + 3H 2 O ----------> 2NH 3 (aq) + CO 2 (g) Urease is an enzyme found in microorganisms, invertebrates, and higher plants. It

activity of an enzyme include pH, temperature, substrate concentration(s), ionic strength, and nature of salts present.(2) At a constant set enzyme concentration, the reaction rate increases with increasing substrate concentration until all available enzyme in bound to the substrates, at that point adding more substrate will not further reaction rate.(3) PURPOSE The purpose of the experiment conducted was to investigate the effects of various factors and conditions such as pH, temperature, substrate

carboxyl group (-COOH) and amino group (-NH2). When the carboxyl group is in a solution of a neutral pH such as blood it is actually a COO- instead of COOH. When the blood becomes slightly acidic, the carboxyl group binds H+ to make COOH to regulate the pH of blood. Amino group (-NH3) in a neutral pH solution. When the blood becomes slightly basic, amino group releases an H+ into the blood to maintain the pH of 7.4. Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system; here CO2 (carbon dioxide) binds with H2O (water)