Trail Guide Shoulder OIAs
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San Diego State University *
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Course
303
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Oct 30, 2023
Type
Pages
13
Uploaded by DrStarPheasant16
S
EEE
R
REREREREERREEERENEREEERRERRERNERENRRRRRERARRORAEE
Deltoid
The
triangle-shaped
deltoid
is
located
on the
cap
of
the
shoulder.
The
origin
of
the
deltoid
(which
is,
interestingly
enough,
identical
to
the
insertion
of
the
trapezius)
curves
around
the
spine
of
the
scapula
and
clavicle
forming
a
“V"
shape.
From
this
broad
origin,
the
Middle
fibers
converge
down
the
arm
to
attach
at
the
deltoid
fibers
tuberosity
(2.36).
The
deltoid
fibers
can
be
divided
into
three
segments:
the
anterior,
middle
and
posterior
fibers.
All
three
groups
abduct
the
humerus,
but the
anterior
and
posterior
fibers
are
antagonists
in
both
flexion/
extension
and
medial/lateral
rotation.
fibers
All
fibers:
Abduct
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Anterior
fibers:
2.36
Lateral
view
of
deltoid
Flex
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
showing
the
three
segments
Medially
rotate
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
When
Do You
Use
Your
Deltoid?
-
Virtually
all
movements
that
involve
the
shoulder
-
Slipping
your arms
into
ajacket
|
«
Raking,
shoveling,
sawing
m
«
Rowing
a
dinghy
Horizontally
adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Posterior
fibers:
Extend
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Laterally
rotate
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Horizontally
abduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
/:\.
'\\\
o
gy
L
{
A
3]
Lateral
one-third
of
clavicle,
acromion
L,\
™~
§
and
spine
of
scapula
o}
y
i
2.37
Origin
and
Sl
insertion
of
deltoid
Deltoid
tuberosity
Axillary
C5,
6
@
Belly
of
the
deltoid
1)
Seated.
Locate
the
spine
of
the
scapula,
the
acromion
and
the
lateral
one-third
of
the
clavicle.
Note
the
“V”
shape
these
landmarks
form.
2)
Locate
the
deltoid
tuberosity.
3)
Palpate
between
these
landmarks
to
isolate
the
superficial,
convergent
fibers
of
the
deltoid.
Be
sure
to
explore
the
deltoid’s
most
anterior
and
posterior
aspects.
Are
the
fibers
you
feel
superficial
and
do
they
2L
converge
toward
the
deltoid
tuberosity?
If
your
s
partner
alternately
abducts
and
releases,
do
you
feel
/
-
D
the
fibers
contract
and
relax
(2.38)?
'
2.38
Anterior/lateral
view
deltoid
del-toid
Grk.
delta,
capital
letter
D
(A)
in
the
Greek
alphabet
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
67
2.39
Lateral
view
of
right
shoulder.
Use
both
hands
to
sculpt
out
the
edges
of
the
deltoid,
following
them
down
to
the
tuberosity.
sy
@Deltoid
as
antagonist
to
itself
To
feel
the
antagonistic
abilities
of
the
deltoid's
anterior
and
posterior
fibers:
1)
Shaking
hands
with
your
partner,
place
your
other
hand
on
the
deltoid.
2)
Keeping
his
elbow
next
to
his
side,
ask
your
partner
to
medially
and
laterally
rotate
his
arm
against
your
resistance.
Can
you
sense
the
anterior
fibers
contracting
upon
medial
rotation
and
relaxing
upon
lateral
rotation,
and
vice
versa
for
the
posterior
fibers?
Superior
nuchal
line
of
the
occiput
Spinous
process
of
C-7
Middle
fibers
{
Lower
fibers
£
i,
‘
\{/L
;
1%
{
;
\
k
f
‘l
.
-
\(
Spinous
process
é‘
i
of
T-12
Lf
|
O
—
2.40 Posterior
view
of
trapezius
68
|
Trail
Guide
to
the
Body
Trapezius
|
The
trapezius
lies
superficially
along
the
upper
back
and
neck.
Its
broad,
thin
fibers
blanket
the
shoulders,
attaching
to
the
occiput
(the
bone
at
the
base
of
the
head,
p.
231),
lateral
clavicle,
scapula
and
spinous
processes
of
the
thoracic
vertebrae
(2.40, 2.42).
The
trapezius
fibers
can
be
divided
into
three
groups:
upper
(descending)
fibers,
middle
fibers
and
lower
(ascending)
fibers.
The
upper
and
lower
fibers
are
antagonists
in
elevation
and
depression
of
the
scapula,
respectively.
All
fibers
of
the
trapezius
are
easy
to
palpate.
2.47
Origin
and
insertion
of
trapezius
’D"",””,,WU’OJ,\L'\'V-’_
Upper
fibers:
Bilaterally
Extend
the
head
and
neck
Unilaterally
Laterally
flex
the
head
and
neck
to
the
same
side
External
occipital
protruberance
Rotate
the
head
and
neck
to
the
opposite
side
Elevate
the
scapula
(scapulothoracic
joint)
Acromion
Upwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Middle
fibers:
Adduct
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Stabilize
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Lower
fibers:
Depress
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Upwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
External
occipital
protuberance,
medial
portion
of
superior
nuchal
line
of
the
occiput,
ligamentum
2.42
Lateral
view
nuchae
and
spinous
processes
of
C-7
through
T-12
of
trapezius
Lateral
one-third
of
clavicle,
acromion
and
spine
of
the
scapula
Spinal
portion
of
cranial
nerve
XI
(accessory)
and
ventral
ramus
C2,
3,
4
()
Upper
fibers
of
the
trapezius
1)
Prone.
These
fibers
form
the
easily
accessible
flap
of
muscle
lying
across
the
top
of
the
shoulder.
Along
the
posterior
neck
they
are
surprisingly
skinny,
each
being
only
an
inch
wide.
2)
Grasp
the
superficial
tissue
on
the
top
of
the
Yv
p
shouder
and
feel
the
upper
trapezius
fibers.
Take
\
t
L
note
of
their
slender
quality
(2.43).
%
T
s
3)
Follow
the
fibers
superiorly
toward
the
base
of
the
S
il
head
at
the
occiput.
To
feel
the
fibers
along
the
posterior
neck
contract,
stand
at
the
side
of
the
table
m
and
ask
your
partner
to
extend
his
head
“a
quarter
inch
off
the
face
cradle”
Then
follow
the
fibers
inferiorly
to
the
lateral
clavicle.
==
s
the
muscle
you
are
grasping
thin
and
superficial?
2N
Grasp
the
fibers
along
the
top
of
the
shoulder
and
have
your
partner
elevate
his
scapula
gently
toward
his
ear.
Do
the
muscle
fibers
become
taut?
As
your
partner
extends
his
head,
you
will
likely
see
two
parallel
“speed
bumps”
running
along
the
posterior
neck.
These
bulges
are
formed
primarily
by
the
deeper
semispinalis
capitis
muscle
(p.
201),
with
the
trapezius
muscles
draped
on
top.
trapezius
tra-pee-ze-us
Grk.
alittle
table
or
trapezoid
shape
nuchae
nu-kay
L.
nape
of
neck
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
69
occiput
ok-si-put
L.
the
back
of
the
skull
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RN
NS
...
et
A/‘K
g‘;
]
b
\
Latissimus
Dorsi
and
Teres
Major
The
latissimus
dorsi
is
the
broadest
muscle
of
the
back.
Its
thin,
superficial
fibers
originate
at
the
low
back,
ascend
the
side
of
the
trunk
and
merge
into
a
thick
bundle
at
the
axilla
(2.46).
Both
ends
of
the
latissimus
dorsi
are
difficult
to
isolate;
however,
its
middle
portion
next
to
the
lateral
border
of
the
scapula
is
easy
to
grasp.
The
teres
major
is
called
“lat’s
little
helper”
because
it
is
a
complete
synergist
with
the
latissimus
dorsi
(2.47).
It
is
superficial
and
located
along
the
scapula’s
lateral
border
between
the
latissimus
dorsi
and
teres
minor.
Although
they
share
names,
the
teres
major
and
teres
minor
rotate
the
arm
in
opposite
directions—the
major
medially,
the
minor
laterally.
The
latissimus
dorsi
and
teres
major
are
sometimes
called
the
“handcuff
muscles;’
since
their
actions
collectively
bring
the
arms
into
the
“arresting”
position!
Latissimus
Dorsi
Extend
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Medially
rotate
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Inferior
angle
of
scapula,
spinous
processes
of
last
six
thoracic
vertebrae,
last
three
or
four
ribs,
thoracolumbar
aponeurosis
and
posterior
iliac
crest
n
Intertubercular
groove
of
the
humerus
Thoracodorsal
C6,7,
8
Teres
Major
Extend
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Medially
rotate
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Inferior
angle
and
lower
one-third
of
lateral
border
of
the
scapula
n
Crest
of
the
lesser
tubercle
of
the
humerus
Lower
subscapular
C5,
6,
7
latissimus
dorsi
la-tis-i-mus
dor-si
L.
widest
of
the
back
teres
teh-reez
Thoracolumbar
aponeurosis
Posterior
iliac
crest
2.46
Lateral/posterior
view
of
latissimus
dorsi
2.47
Posterior
view
of
teres
major
The
latissimus
dorsi
not
only
moves
the
arm,
but,
because
of
its
broad
origin,
can
also
affect
the
trunk
and
spine.
Contraction
of
the
left
latissimus
dorsi
assists
in
lateral
flexion
of
the
trunk
to
the
left.
If
the
arm
is
fixed,
as
when
hanging
from
a
bar,
the
latissimus
will
assist
in
extension
of
the
spine
and
tilting
of
the
pelvis
anteriorly
and
laterally.
L.
rounded,
finely
shaped
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
71
F
)
F
e
)
)
n
)
=
()
[
"
=
[
e
[
=
[
)
=
e
L
-
=
L)
=)
=
-
-
@
=
Supraspinatus
Abduct
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Stabilize
the
head
of
humerus
in
glenoid
cavity
Supraspinous
fossa
of
the
scapula
n
Greater
tubercle
of
the
humerus
Suprascapular
C4,
5,
6
Infraspinatus
Laterally
rotate
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Stabilize
the
head
of
humerus
in
glenoid
cavity
Infraspinous
fossa
of
the
scapula
n
Greater
tubercle
of
the
humerus
Suprascapular
C(4),
5,
6
Teres
Minor
Laterally
rotate
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Stabilize
the
head
of
humerus
in
glenoid
cavity
m
Upper
two-thirds
of
lateral
border
of
the
scapula
n
Greater
tubercle
of
the
humerus
Axillary
C5,
6
Subscapularis
Medially
rotate
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Stabilize
the
head
of
humerus
in
glenoid
cavity
Subscapular
fossa
of
the
scapula
Lesser
tubercle
of
the
humerus
1]
Upper
and
lower
subscapular
C5,
6,
7
2.57
Posterior
view
of
right
shoulder
showing
origins
and
insertions
of
supraspinatus,
infraspinatus
and
teres
minor
2.58
Anterior
view
of
right
shoulder
showing
origin
and
insertion
of
subscapularis
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
75
Spinous
process
of
T-2
Rhomboid
Major
and
Minor
The
rhomboid
muscles
are
located
between
the
scapula
and
vertebral
column.
Named
for
their
geo-
metric
shape,
the
major
(2.72)
is
larger
than
the
minor
(2.73).
The
muscles
are
difficult
to
distinguish
individually.
They
have
thin
fibers
that
lie
deep
to
the
trapezius
and
superficial
to
the
erector
spinae
muscles
(p.
196).
Spinous
process
of
C-7
m
Adduct
the
scapula
(scapulothoracic
joint)
Elevate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Downwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
(3]
Major:
Spinous
processes
of
T-2
to
T-5
Minor:
Spinous
processes
of
C-7
and
T-1
0
Mmajor:
Medial
border
of
the
scapula
between
the
spine
of
the
scapula
and
inferior
angle
Minor:
Upper
portion
of
medial
border
of
the
scapula,
across
from
spine
of
the
scapula
Dorsal
scapular
C4,
5
2.74
Posterior
view
of
right
shoulder
showing
origins
and
insertions
of
rhomboids
82
|
Trail
Guide
to
the
Body
Here
is
a
wonderful
opportunity
to
explore
the
different
layers
of
muscle
tissue
between
the
medial
border
of
the
scapula
and
spinous
processes
of
the
thoracic
vertebrae.
The
superficial
trapezius,
intermediate
rhomboids
and
deep
erector
spinae
muscles
all
have
different
fiber
directions.
Palpate
in
this
area
to
see
whether
you
can
differentiate
the
perpendicular
fibers
of
the
trapezius
from
those
of
the
rhomboids.
Also
try
differentiating
between
the
diagonal
rhomboid
fibers
and
the
vertical
fibers
I
of
the
erector
spinae.
s
fwi)
>
with
ahliae
analec
and
Anh/
rhomboid
rom-boyd
Grk.
in
geometry,
a
parallelogram
s
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Levator
Scapula
w
=
=
|
A
&
¢
:
)
Unilaterally:
2
Trapezius
%
y
i
P
5‘“\
f
Elevate
the
scapula
(scapulothoracic
joint)
>
P
\
E
.
"
|
::’:
:
VALY
Downwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Splenius
capitis
—
1
A
|
!;
/AL
\
Laterally
flex
the
head
and
neck
A
\
Levator scapula
\FE.
/8
\
Rotate
the
head
and
neck
to
the
same
side
M
P
)
(7
Bilaterally:
Posterior
scalene
’\i_,
/
4
Extend
the
head
and
neck
Transverse
processes
of
first
through
fourth
W
cervical
vertebrae
Middle
scalene
Omohyoid
Medial
border
of
scapula,
between
superior
2.77
Lateral
view
angle
and
superior
portion
of
spine
of
scapula
Cervical
3,
4,
and
dorsal
scapular
C4,
5
When
Do
You
Use
Your
Levator?
+
Rotating
head
when
changing
lanes
in
traffic
+
Holding
a
phone
between
your
ear
and
shoulder
«
Lying
on
your
side,
snugaling
your
head
into
your
pillow
g
e
2.78
Origin
and
insertion
of
levator
scapula
1)
Prone,
supine
or
side
lying.
Palpating
through
the
trapezius,
locate
the
superior
angle
of
the
scapula
(p.
53)
and
the
upper
region
of
the
medial
border.
2)
Place
your
fingers
just
off
the
superior
angle
and
firmly
strum
across
the
belly
of
the
levator.
The
fibers
will
likely
have
a
ropy
texture
(2.79).
3)
Follow
these
fibers
superiorly
as
they
extend
to
the
lateral
side
of
the
neck
to
the
transverse
processes
of
the
cervical
vertebrae
(p.
180).
7
Can
you
differentiate
the
levator
fibers
from
the
4
trapezius
fibers?
Do
the
fibers
Yyou
are
palpating
lead
toward
the
lateral
side
of
the
neck?
Trapezius
2.79
Partner
prone
84
|
Trail
Guide
to
the
Body
808
&
Ra
the
scapula
Muscle
fibers
//
underneath
—
2.82
Lateral
view
of
serratus
anterior
2.83
Origin
and
insertion
of
serratus
anterior
i
86
|
Trail
Guide
to
the
Body
2.84
Anterior
view
with
serratus
highlighted
Serratus
Anterior
Always
well-developed
on
superheroes,
the
serratus
anterior
lies
along
the
posterior
and
lateral
rib
cage.
Its
oblique
fibers
extend
from
the
ribs
underneath
the
scapula and
attach
to
its
medial
border
(2.82).
Most
of
the
serratus
anterior
is
deep
to
the
scapula,
latissimus
dorsi
or
pectoralis major;
however,
the
portion
of
the
serratus
below
the
axilla
(armpit)
is
superficial
and
easily
accessible
(2.84).
This
muscle
is
unique
in
its
ability
to
abduct
the
scapula,
making
it
an
antagonist
to
the
rhomboids.
Palpating
along
the
sides
of
the
ribs
can
tickle,
so
use
slow,
firm
pressure.
Also,
if
you
are
accessing
the
right
serratus,
it
may
be
easier
to
stand
on
the
left
side
of
the
table.
With
the
origin
fixed:
Abduct
the
scapula
(scapulothoracic
joint)
Upwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Depress
the
scapula
(S/T
joint)
Hold
the
medial
border
of
the
scapula
against
the
rib
cage
With
the
scapula
fixed:
May
act
to
elevate
the
thorax
during
forced
inhalation
External
surfaces
of
upper
eight
or
nine
ribs
n
Anterior
surface
of
medial
border
of
the
scapula
Long
thoracic
C5,
6,7,
8
Pectoralis
major
Serratus
anterior
External
oblique
serratus
ser-a-tus
L.
notched
212122292299
992992999229292
AR
AAAARAAANCOES
Pectoralis
Major
The
pectoralis
major
is
a
broad,
powerful
muscle
located
on
the
chest.
Except
for
the
part
beneath
breast
tissue,
its
convergent,
superficial
fibers
are
accessible.
Pectoralis
major
is
divided
into
three
segments:
the
clavicular,
sternal
and
costal
fibers
(2.88).
The
upper
and
lower
fibers
perform
opposing
actions
at
the
shoulder
joint—flexion
and
extension,
respectively—making
this
muscle
an
antagonist
to
itself.
All
fibers:
Adduct
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Medially
rotate
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Assist
to
elevate
the
thorax during
forced
inhalation
(with
the
arm
fixed)
Upper
fibers:
Flex
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Horizontally
adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Lower
fibers:
Extend
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
[%)
Medial
half
of
clavicle,
sternum
and
cartilage
of
first
through
sixth
ribs
n
Crest
of
greater
tubercle
of
humerus
Upper
fibers:
Lateral
pectoral
C5,
6,
7
Lower
fibers:
Lateral
and
medial
pectoral
C6,
7,8,
T1
The
difference
between
the
white
and
dark
meat
of
a
cooked
bird
is
due
to
its
different
intramuscular
connective
tissues.
Dark
and
white
meat
are
present
in
all
mammals,
but
are
more
distinct
in
birds.
The
reason
is
that
light-colored
musculature
is
rich
in
muscle
fibers
and
poor
in
sarcoplasm—the
tissue
that
surrounds
the
muscle
fiber—
while
dark
meat
has the
exact
opposite
composition.
And
if
you
are
fond
of
the
“breast,”
chew
on
this
fact:
a
bird’s
pectoralis
majors
make
up
20-35%
of
its
body
weight.
pectoralis
pek-to-ra-lis
L.
chest
Clavicular
|
7
7
%
Costal
2.88
Anterior
view
identifying
the
three
segments
of
pectoralis
major
2.89
Origin
and
insertion
of
pectoralis
major
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
89
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2.93
Anterior
view
of
pectoralis
minor
2.94
Origin
and
insertion
of,
pectoralis
minor
2.95
Brochid
e
o
—————
2.95
Brachial
plexus,
axillary
artery
and
vein
passing
beneath
pectoralis
minor
92
|
Trail
Guide
to
the
Body
Pectoralis
Minor
The
pectoralis
minor
lies
next
to
the
rib
cage
deep
to
the
pectoralis
major
(2.93).
lIts
fibers
run
perpendicular
to
the
pectoralis
major
fibers
from
the
scapula’s
cora-
coid
process
to
the
upper
ribs.
During
aerobic
activity
the
pectoralis
minor
helps
to
elevate
the
rib
cage
for
inhalation,
The
major
vessels
serving
the
arm—
the
brachial
plexus,
axillary
artery
and
vein—cross
underneath
the
pectoralis
minor,
creating
the
potential
for
neurovascular
compression
by
this
muscle
(2.95).
Access
to
the
minor
can
be
achieved
by
either
pressing
through
or
sliding
underneath
the
thick
pectoralis
major.
The
second
method
is
more
specific
and
will
be
outlined
here,
The
pectoralis
minor
can
be
sensitive,
so
palpate
slowly,
allowing
your
fingers
or
thumb
to
sink
into
the
tissue,
Depress
the
scapula
(scapulothoracic
joint)
Abduct
the
scapula (/T
joint)
Downwardly
rotate
the
scapula
(/T
joint)
With
the
scapula
fixed:
Assist
to
elevate
the
thorax
during
forced
inhalation
Third,
fourth
and
fifth
ribs
n
Medial
surface
of
coracoid
process
of
the
scapula
]
Medial
pectoral,
with
fibers
from
a
communicating
branch
of
the
lateral
pectoral
C(6),7,8,T1
it
efaacecer
Coracobrachialis
The
coracobrachialis
is
a
small,
tubular
muscle
located
in
the
axilla
(2.109).
Sometimes
known
as
the
“armpit”
muscle,
it
is
a
secondary
flexor
and
adductor
of
the
shoulder.
In
anatomical
position,
the
coracobrachialis
is
deep
to
the
pectoralis
major
and
anterior
deltoid
and
lies
anterior
to
the
axillary
artery
and
brachial
plexus.
Abducting
the
shoulder
(opening
up
the
axilla)
brings
the
belly
of
the
coracobrachialis
to
a
superficial
and
palpable
position.
Flex
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
Coracoid
process
of
the
scapula
B
Medial
surface
of
mid-humeral
shaft
Musculocutaneous
C6,
7
(¢
1)
Supine.
Laterally
rotate
and
abduct
the
shoulder
to
45°.
Locate
the
fibers
of
the
pectoralis
major.
This
tissue
forms
the
axilla’s
anterior
wall
and
will
be
a
reference
point
for
locating
coracobrachialis.
2)
Lay
one
hand
along
the
medial
side
of
the
arm
and
move
your
fingerpads
into
the
armpit.
3)
Have
your
partner
horizontally
adduct
gently
against
your
resistance
(2.111).
Isolate the
solid
edge
of
the
pectoralis
major
then
slide
off
the
pectoralis
major
fibers
posteriorly
(into
the
axilla)
and
explore
for
the
slender,
contracting
belly
of
the
coracobrachialis.
Its
belly
may
be
visible
upon
adduction.
.
Is
the
muscle
you
are
palpating
on
the
medial
A1
side
of
the
upper
arm?
Does
its
belly
lie
posterior
to
the
overlying
flap
of
the
pectoralis
major?
Can
you
strum
along
its
cylindrical
belly?
When
Do
You
Use
Your
Coracobrachialis?
«
Reaching
around
your
face
to
scratch
your
opposite
ear
-
Weightlifting—doing
a
bench
press
-
In
martial
arts—a
forearm
block
in
front of
your
chest
coracobrachialis
kor-a-ko-bra-kee-al-is
Coracoid
process
2.110
Origin
and
insertion
of
coracobrachialis
2.111
Partner
supine,
palpating
coraco-
brachialis
as
your
partner
horizontally
adducts
against
your
resistance
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
99
Biceps
Brachii
The
biceps
brachii
lies
superficially
on
the
anterior
arm.
It
has
a
long
head
and
a
short
head
which
merge
to
form
a
long,
oval
belly.
The
tendon
of
the
long
head
passes
through
the
intertubercular
groove
of
the
humerus
(p.
60).
This
groove
helps
to
stabilize
the
tendon
as
it
rises
over
the
top
of
the
shoulder
(2.100).
The
distal
tendon
of
the
biceps
dives
into
the
antecubital
space
(inner
elbow)
to
attach
at
the
radius,
allowing
this
muscle
to
be
the
primary
muscle
of
fore-
arm
supination.
The
majority
of
the
biceps
brachii
is
easily
palpable.
Flex
the
elbow
(humeroulnar
joint)
Supinate
the
forearm
(radioulnar
joints)
Flex
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Short
head:
Coracoid
process
of
scapula
Long
head:
Supraglenoid
tubercle
of
scapula
Tuberosity
of
the
radius
and
aponeurosis
of
the
biceps
brachii
Musculocutaneous
C5,
6
(¥
1)
Supine
or
seated.
Bend
the
elbow
and
shake
hands
with
your
partner.
2)
Ask
your
partner
to
flex
his
elbow
against
your
resistance.
Palpate
the
anterior
surface
of
the
arm
and
locate
the
hard,
round
belly
of
the
biceps
(2.102).
3)
Follow
the
belly
distally
to
the
inner
elbow.
Note
how
the
muscle
belly
thins,
becoming
a
solid,
distinct
tendon.
Then
follow
the
biceps
proximally
to
where
it
tucks
beneath
the
anterior
fibers
of
the
deltoid.
Ask
your
partner
to
flex
his
elbow
and
see
if
you
can
L0
sculpt
out
the
biceps’
distal
tendon
and
distinguish
it
from
the
deeper
brachialis
muscle
(p.
132).
Also,
shake
hands
with
your
partner
and
ask
him
to
alternately
pronate
and
supinate
his
forearm
against
your
resistance.
Do
you
feel
the
muscle
belly
and
tendon
contract
upon
supination?
In
addition
to
a
long
head
and
a
short
head,
the
biceps
may
have
a
head
which
attaches
to
the
humerus.
Reported
in
less
than
10%
of
the
population,
this
extra
head
originates
along
the
medial
humerus
next
to
the
coracobrachialis
before
joining
the
short
head.
biceps
brachii
bi-seps
bray-key-i
L.
two-headed
muscle
of
the
arm
Supraglenoid
tubercle
Coracoid
process
Intertubercular
groove
(deep)
Short
head
Long
head
>
2.100
Anterior
view
of
biceps
brachii
Aay
|
\%\
Bicipital
aponeurosis
2.101
Origin
and
insertion
of
biceps
brachii
2.102
Feeling
biceps
contract
as
your
partner
tries
to
flex
his
elbow
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
95
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Triceps
Brachii
The
triceps
brachii
is
the
only
muscle
located
on the
posterior
arm.
Creating
extension
at
the
elbow
and
shoulder,
it
is
an
antagonist
at
both
these
joints
to
the
biceps
brachii.
The
triceps
has
three
heads:
long,
lateral
and
medial
(2.104,
2.105).
The
long
head
extends
off
the
infraglenoid
tubercle
of
the
scapula
(p.
54),
weaving
between
the
teres
major
and
minor.
The
lateral
head
lies
superficially
beside
the
deltoid
while
the
medial
head
lies
mostly
underneath
the
long
head.
All
three
heads
converge
into
a
thick,
distal
tendon
proximal
to
the
elbow.
Aside
from
its
proximal
portion,
which
is
deep
to
the
deltoid,
the
triceps
is
superficial
and
easily
accessible.
Medial
head
Lateral
head
Medial
head
Olecranon
of
triceps
brachii
process
When
Do
You
Use
Your
Triceps
Brachii?
+
Slamming
the
trunk
of
a
car
+
Pounding
in
large
nails
with
a
big
ol
hammer
«
Raising
your
body
during
the
up
phase
of
a
push-up
«
Dribbling
a
basketball
triceps
brachii
tri-seps
bray-key-i
2.104
Posterior
view
2.106
Origin
and
insertion
of
triceps
brachii
L.
three-headed
muscle
of
the
arm
I3
Allheads:
Extend
the
elbow
(humeroulnar
joint)
Long
head:
Extend
the
shoulder
(glenohumeral
joint)
Adduct
the
shoulder
(G/H
joint)
[8
Long
head:
Infraglenoid
tubercle
of
the
scapula
Lateral
head:
Posterior
surface
of
proximal
half
of
the
humerus
Medial
head:
Posterior
surface
of
distal
half
of
the
humerus
fl
Olecranon
process
of
the
ulna
Radial
C6,
7,8,
T1
Medialhead\:f[!.‘,‘\..“.
\\
‘
(il
2.105
Posterior
view
of
the
medial
head
of
triceps
brachii,
deep
to
the
lateral
and
long
heads
Shoulder
&
Arm
|
97
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