Interpersonal Violence Among Differing Global Cultures

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Interpersonal Violence Among Differing Global Cultures Nedra J Byrd Grand Canyon University: College of Humanities and Behavioral Science PCN-682: Relational Trauma: History and Treatment Issues Jody Pendleton, PsyD March 27, 2024 1

Interpersonal Violence Among Differing Global Cultures Research suggests that cultures can influence and even encourage violence to exist as a response to various instances. Whether it be racism, homophobia, ethnic prejudice, or even war doctrine, these forms of violence towards specific cultures have structural and physical limits that act to marginalize both individuals and groups in a derogatory manner. Within this essay, there will be an explanation of how interpersonal violence is defined in the United States, how the causes and impacts of three selected cultures views of interpersonal violence are similar to the United States, and finally, a discussion of how these same three cultures differ from the United States. Interpersonal Violence in the United States Interpersonal violence, as found by Mercy et al. (2017), consists of intentionally using physical force or power against another person by someone or a group of people. Interpersonal violence can be physical, psychological, or sexual and may involve deletion or negligence (para.5). The most common form of interpersonal violence is domestic abuse, it is a serious issue that affects people of all genders, races, and sexual orientations. It may be the most common form of violence in the world. According to Sumner et al. (2016) “ nearly 1 in 5 women (19.3%) have experienced rape (completed or attempted unwanted penetration) at some point in their life and experience the sequelae of such violence” (para.5). Sexual abuse is a common form of domestic violence that may take various forms and has long-term effects on the victims, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The most common form of domestic violence is physical abuse, as well as being the most dangerous. Physical abuse can include slapping, pushing, punching, choking, and more. Physical abuse can become dangerous because it can potentially escalate and has serious health- 2

related repercussions and lifelong damage. Sumner et al. (2016) discovered data from the National Intimate Partner Violence research that approximately 12 million men and women have reported experiencing some form of violence, with only about 480,000 reported to authorities and roughly 150,000 seeking medical treatment (para.7). Physical abuse is never okay in any form or fashion and should not ever become tolerated. Emotional abuse is another form of DV and is more difficult to identify as the acts of bullying, belittling, or criticizing leave no outer wounds or scars. The effects of emotional abuse, though do not appear initially, can be devastating and long-lasting, often left with feelings of being alone with no solution available for the issue, causing depression and often pushing others out of their life. Karakurt & Silver (2013) found emotional abuse may include dominance, verbal assault, isolation, or the use of intimate knowledge for degradation, targeting the well-being of the victim and is often a precursor to physical abuse (para.2). Numerous victims of emotional abuse live with it for years before they gain the courage to leave and seek assistance. Similarities between Causes and Impacts Interpersonal effects refer to the influence of one individual’s emotions on the other person’s behavior such as scars of emotional neglect. More than a third of South African children under the age of 17 suffer emotional abuse and neglect while around 14% of Americans report having endured emotional abuse or neglect during their childhood. According to the World Health Organization (2022), it is estimated up to 1 billion children globally ages 2-17 have endured some form of abuse within the past year with evidence showing the abuse can be prevented. 3

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