Week 8_Weeds Dialogue-1

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Mt San Antonio College *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: Instructions Review and preview the original format of this document in the Canvas module. The original numbering and charts need to stay in place. Do not delete anything from this document. Add in your short answer responses and highlight/bold multiple choice. Highlight or bold all text inputted into this document. Answer all questions and fill in all definitions. Save this document in a folder on your PC, so you have them for reference. When submitting the dialogue  Word Documents or PDF file format only  You may type/edit your responses and save them as Word or PDF  You may print out this document, clearly write in the answers, scan it, and save it as a PDF. After submitting, check your upload to be sure you have submitted the correct file. Grading Score Criteria 20/20 points All answers are complete and accurate with appropriate grammar. 15/20 points Missing/incorrect on 1-2 questions/definitions, or incomplete sentence(s), or modifying the format of this document in numbering or highlighting or bolding. (Complete sentences include capital letters, subject, predicate, and a period. Do not forget basic grammar, including capitalizing "I" when typing in the first person) 0-10/20 points Missing/incorrect on 5 more questions/definitions, or incomplete sentence(s), or modifying the format of this document in numbering or highlighting or bolding. 0 points Late, no submission, or or the wrong file uploaded

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: Vocabulary 1. You know where to find these definitions now- the lecture, glossary, index, and the text. And you know not to use google as a source for definitions in this course. a. Yes, we are using the language of the California Master Gardener Handbook, not google. b. I’ll give google a shot and throw away some points. Term Definition Weed Plant that interferes with the intended use of land and water resources, cause health problems, or reduce aesthetic value of a site Noxious weeds Weeds so difficult to control that CA and other states have passed legislation providing for their intensive control or eradication by law Invasive (or noxious) plants Distinct group of weeds that occur in a natural habitat. Non-natives that infest natural ecosystems. An important difference between invasive plants and garden weeds is that invasive plants can disperse, establish and spread in uncultivated areas Cultural Controls Modify the environment to favor the crop and decrease weed advantage. The way we take care of our plants; pruning, irrigation, fertilization, soil compaction, plant selection Physical/Mechanical Controls Physically or mechanically combatting weeds. Hoeing, cultivation, hand pulling, rototilling, discing, mowing, chopping, running over, kicking, placement of barriers Biological Control Use of one living organism to control another. Insects and pathogens that may feed on weeds Chemical Control The use of herbicides Selective Herbicide Herbicides that differentiate between plant species- to be used to control weeds in a crop or ornamental situation in which the weeds are killed but the desirable plants are not injured Non-selective Herbicide Herbicides that do not differentiate between plant species- to be used when all vegetation is to be killed Systemic Herbicide An herbicide absorbed into the plant and moves inside the plant’s conductive tissue by translocation Contact Herbicide An herbicide that kills only those parts of the plant it touches, usually the leaves Pre-emergent Herbicide Pre-emergent herbicides prevent weed growth by forming a chemical barrier in the soil, inhibiting seed germination. Post-emergent Herbicide Post-emergent herbicides are applied to control visible weeds, targeting and killing them after they've sprouted.

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: Questions 2. Here we are, chapter 8, Weed Science. And it starts out with a definition and function of weeds. Read the Definition and Function of Weeds section. Please use complete sentence to answer the following question: Weed scientists point out that weeds are particularly noteworthy for which characteristics? Weeds are difficult to control because of their fast growth, high reproduction rate, adaptability to harsh conditions, and adaptability to various environments. They often colonize aggressively, effectively competing for resources such as nutrients, water and light. 3. Read the Definition and Function of Weeds section: (read carefully, this question is missed more frequently than most other questions on this dialogue) Statewide, more dollars are spent to control invasive insects than any other plant pests, and losses caused by invasive insects typically exceed losses from any other category of agricultural pest. a. True b. False 4. Read the Definition and Function of Weeds section: List 4 advantages and 4 disadvantages of weeds. That’s right, even weeds can provide some advantages! The lecture can also help you with this. You do not need complete sentences here. Disadvantages Advantages Resource Competition Weeds can serve as indicator plants, providing clues about soil conditions Aesthetic Impact Weeds can support a diverse range of insects Harboring Pests Some weeds help in maintaining soil structure and preventing erosion. Difficult to clear weeds weeds are known to pull up nutrients from deep within the soil and make them available on the surface when they decompose, potentially benefiting other plants. 5. California is an incredible state for plants for many reasons. Read the Invasive Plants of California section. Be patient and you will find the exact wording. Fill in the blanks:

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AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: California boasts the greatest amount of natural botanical diversity of any state within the United States, with nearly _____________ 5000________ native species. In addition to native species, about ____ 1000____ non-native established species. About ____ 200__ to ___ 250__ of these are weeds of agricultural crops, turf or garden. 6. Read the Weed Classification section. Understanding weed classification is key to controlling them. Knowing the identity of a weed is the first step in learning about its life cycle, growth and development. a. True b. False 7. Read the Weed Classification section. This is an interesting one. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) also goes by the names milk purslane, prostrate spurge, spotted pusley and sandmat. b. A single common name may also refer to several very different species. c. Identification by genus and species is most important for scientific publications and for master gardener purposes. d. A given plant may have many common names 8. Stay patient and read the text. You may have to reread it a few times. That is normal. Remember to line up the wording from the question with the wording from the text. a. Ok I recognize I need to read, be patient, and use the wording in the dialogue to help match up the answer in the text b. I have not read this and may lose points 9. Read the Weed Classification section. Use complete sentences to describe : What are the two kinds of annual weeds and describe their growth cycles? Wild oat is an example of a summer annual weed. It germinates in the spring when soil temperatures rise. It grows rapidly during the warmer months and tends to be very competitive with crops for nutrients Lambs quarters is an annual weed that germinates in spring and grows rapidly in warm conditions. It thrives in rich soil. After flowering, it produces a large number of seeds, completing its life cycle in late summer or fall. Seeds can remain viable in the soil for many years, ensuring persistence

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: 10. Read the Weed Classification section. Yes this section again… Summer annuals will always wait to germinate until March 1 st . They are on a timer. Like a pie in the oven. a. True b. False 11. Read the Weed Classification section: Use complete sentences to describe: Crabgrass is one of our most common annual, grassy weeds. What are the soil temp requirements for crabgrass to germinate? Crabgrass germinates when soil temperatures consistently reach about 55 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit at a depth of one to two inches, usually in late spring or early summer. 12. Have you been watching the audio lectures? They are relatively old and the audio is not as good as current audio capabilities, but they contain a lot of essential horticulture knowledge and it is similar to what you would get in class. But I am much louder in person. When I first recorded these lectures, the volume would get muffled with natural volume. I had to rerecord a bunch and tone it down. Please use complete sentences here. I have been watching the audio lectures, its sounds old but its fine for me, I can use the Auto subtitles to help. 13. Read the Weed Classification section: Perennial weeds can go dormant and sprout again the in the spring. a. True b. False 14. Read the Sources of Weed Problems section: List 4 methods for weed seed dispersal. Please use complete sentences to describe the 4 methods for weed seed dispersal. Wind Dispersal : Many weeds have seeds designed to be lightweight and aerodynamic, making them easily carried by the wind over considerable distances. Animal Dispersal : Seeds of certain weeds have hooks, barbs, or sticky coatings, enabling them to attach to the fur or feathers of animals. Water dispersal: Some weed seeds are adapted to float and spread through water. Human Activity : Humans often inadvertently contribute to weed seed dispersal through various activities.

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: 15. From the lecture…this means you need to see the lecture slides… Use complete sentences: What structures do creeping perennials have that makes them so successful? Stolons are stems that grow at the soil surface or just below it. They extend away from the parent plant and can take root at various points along their length, giving rise to new plants. This method of spreading allows the plant to cover ground rapidly and form dense mats that can outcompete other vegetation. 16. Read the Weed Management Principles and Methods section (also use the lecture) Which characteristic is the key survival tool for annual weeds? a. Well organized and a good communicator. Proficient in Word and Excel. b. Tough epidermis c. Prolific seed production d. Vegetative structures e. Good fire alarm system f. Ring doorbell system g. Ability to withstand drought 17. Read the Weed Management Principles and Methods section (also use the lecture): Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sources of weed problems? a. Weed seeds are already present in most soil before any gardening or crop production activities occur. b. There may be up to 140 weeds seeds per pound of cropland surface soil. c. Weed seed contaminants can occur in packages and containers of crop seed d. There are no false statements here. This is outrageous. 18. Close mowing or scalping a lawn allows weeds to germinate and grow. a. True b. False *This is a true statement. It is a free-bee. 19. Read the Weed Management Principles and Methods section. Have a look at the headers first. Look at the question and then look at the headers so you can find the information a little more quickly.

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AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: Which of the following is not a component of soil solarization? a. Cultivate, grade and irrigate soil b. Use a very dark black black polyethylene plastic to cover area so sun doesn’t get in c. Seal all of the edges down d. Leave in place for 4-6 weeks during hot months 20. Which of the following is not a cultural practice? a. Employing appropriate irrigation practices b. Fertilizing according to recommendations c. Relieve soil compaction to ensure good drainage d. Plant selection e. Hand pulling weeds 21. Mechanical controls consisting of mowing, hoeing, and hand pulling are effective against annual seeds as long as the crown of the plant is destroyed before seed has set. a. True b. False 22. Here comes the big one. Herbicides. This is a hot and complicated topic, but our text does an excellent job explaining what herbicides do. a. Ok. Let’s learn about these things. They are all over the place. I should at least know how they are classified and how they work. b. I’ll spray anything, with anything. Herbicides or not. 23. A successful and safe weed control program that uses chemicals as a component is based on effective interactions among all of the following EXCEPT: a. The target weeds b. The herbicide used c. Lady Gaga d. The environment 24. Watch the lecture and hone in on the Herbicide Terminology, Preemergent versus Postemergent subheader. Use complete sentences to describe:

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: What needs to be done to a pre-emergent after application to ensure effectiveness? (I know the old audio gets choppy in the lecture for this part, so head to text at the subheader mentioned above and you’ll find everything you need there) After applying a pre-emergent herbicide, it usually needs to be watered into the soil to ensure its effectiveness. This is because pre-emergent herbicides typically work by creating a chemical barrier at or near the soil surface. When weed seeds germinate and encounter this barrier, their growth is inhibited, preventing weeds from emerging. 25. Watch the lecture (The audio gets choppy here. So you can also read the Chemical Control Methods section to answer this and #24). Use complete sentences to describe: What kind of herbicide is shown here and how it is working?

AGOR 1_HORT SCI Weeds Dialogue Name: This diagram shows the effect of pre-emergent herbicides. Pre-emergent herbicides are applied to the soil to create a chemical barrier that inhibits weed seed germination or kills weed seedlings that grow through the barrier. In this picture, the herbicide has been applied to the soil and creates a layer or barrier. 26. Contact herbicides are absorbed into the plant’s conductive tissues (vascular system) by translocation. a. True b. False 27. Pre-emergents are applied to a part of the weed that has emerged. a. True b. False 28. Control of perennial weeds is best obtained by a ____________________________. a. Systemic Herbicide b. Contact Herbicide 29. Go back and highlight or bold your responses. Always double-check your submission to be sure you uploaded the correct document. a. I will do this b. I will not do this and lose points

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Week 8_Weeds Dialogue-1

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