Summary

Order the steps required to sequence a region of DNA using dideoxy sequencing. Amplify the region of DNA to be sequenced add a primer, deoxynucleotides, labeled dideoxynucleotides, and DNA polymerase a primer binds to the single-stranded DNA template DNA polymerase extends the primer, incorporating deoxynucleotides a labeled dideoxynucleotide terminates the growing DNA chain gel electrophoresis separates the mixture of DNA fragments by size The DNA sequence is determined denature the double-stranded DNA Answer Bank

Which mechanism contributes to accuracy during DNA replication? Group of answer choices Base-stacking between nucleotides and the template DNA controls insertion of the correct nucleotide. Using primers increases accuracy because the first nucleotides in a new nucleic acid chain are more likely to be correct. The mismatch repair system recognizes an incorrect base-pair and corrects the mistake in both strands. All DNA polymerases have a 5′→ 3′ exonuclease activity which can remove incorrect nucleotides during replication.

Fill in the blank spaces below with the most appropriate terms. The word bank is not provided. DNA replication in bacterium Escherichia coli begins at a site in the DNA called At the replication fork, the strand is synthesized continuously while the strand is synthesized discontinuously (in fragments). The new DNA strand, which is synthesized discontinuously, initially consists of short DNA pieces that are called A short RNA primer at the beginning of each of the DNA fragments is synthesized by an enzyme called and this RNA primer is later removed by the enzyme called using its activity. Single-strand breaks (nicks) that are left behind in this process are sealed by the enzyme called A Moving to another question w!l save this resporse Quebon 4 In

a. what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA chain synthesized from the primer. label the 5' to 3' ends b. what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA chain use as the template strand. label the 5' and 3' ends c. write out the nucleotide sequence of the DA double helix (label the 5' and 3' ends)

Rank from the first to the last steps in DNA synthesis. Reset H DNA polymerase DNA strands separate as the enzyme helicase unwinds them DNA polymerase catalyzes the covalent addition of free nuclectides to the growing new DNA strands The enzyme primase builds ANA primers on the existing DNA strands Two identical doutle helices First Last

Transformation can be described as: Choose from the following options ( in the image )

Picture is only attached as reference. How does the model attached show DNA Replication?What is the importance of DNA Replication?What will happen if there will be an error during the DNA Replication Process?

Select the CORRECT pairing. DNA polymerase I : links Okazaki fragments together DNA helicase : unwinds both strands of DNA Primase : removes RNA primer DNA ligase : synthesizes DNA primer

What is/are the attributes that make nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) similar and/or different from each other? Select the correct response: The NER pathway is the only one that can remove DNA lesions in the strand regardless of their size which is followed by attaching the correct strand, then sealed by a DNA ligase. They both use the enzyme DNA glycosylases that recognizes the damaged DNA segments and proceed with repairing the faulty base in the strand. They differ NER only repairs purine bases while BER repairs pyrimidine bases. They both remove the damaged parts of the DNA where the BER pathway corrects only the identified damaged bases which are usually non-bulky lesions. The NER pathway, on the other hand, repairs the damage by removal of bulky DNA adducts which is a short-single stranded DNA segment. They both utilize the enzyme photolyase to reverse the damages created by the faulty section of the DNA. They both remove the damaged parts of the…

Choose reactions that always require hydrolysis of ATP. Select all that apply. sliding along template strands unwinding of DNA strands by helicase formation of the phosphodiester linkage by DNA ligase unwinding of DNA strands by B2 subunits formation of the phosphodiester linkage by DNA polymerase I

Choose the right combination of components required to set up a polymerase chain reaction from the following: Template RNA, two primers, NTPs, and DNA polymerase Template DNA, two primers, dNTPs, and DNA ligase Template DNA, two primers, NTPs, and DNA ligase Template DNA, two primers, dNTPs, and DNA polymerase

Restriction endonuclease and ligase are two types of enzymes used in the process of genetic engineering, i.e., the manipulation of genes. The restriction endonuclease differs from ligase in that it breaks the DNA at ends, while ligase causes the breaks in DNA from interior joins the fragments of DNA, while ligase breaks the DNA into fragments breaks the DNA at specific points, while the ligase joins the fragments of DNA breaks the DNA apart at each nucleotide, while ligase use the pieces to translate

Translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase zeta (ζ) is capable of accurately reading through 6,4-photoproducts (cytotoxic damage). If this protein is non-functional:       a different TLS polymerase will accurately read through the DNA lesion.   a different TLS polymerase will inaccurately read through the DNA lesion resulting in increased mutational frequency.   the replicative polymerase will inaccurately read through the DNA damage.   DNA polymerase alpha (α) will be recruited to synthesize a primer across the DNA damage.   the DNA lesion cannot be bypassed and will result in double stranded DNA breaks.

Place the steps of base excision repair in order. Not all choices will be used. hydrolyze base First step recognize incorrect base separate strands using helicase hydrolyze incorrect nucleotide using endonuclease fill in gap with DNA polymerase close DNA ends with DNA ligase Last step Answer Bank hydrolyze abasic nucleotide using endonuclease

Complete the table below 6. Below are several DNA sequences that are mutated compared with the wild-type sequence: 3’-T A C T G A C T GA C G A T C-5’. Envision that each is a section of a DNA molecule that has separated in preparation for transcription, so you are only seeing the template strand. Construct the complementary DNA sequences (indicating 5’ and 3’ ends) for each mutated DNA sequence, then transcribe (indicating 5’ and 3’ ends) the template strands, and translate the mRNA molecules using the genetic code, recording the resulting amino acid sequence (indicating the N and C termini). What type of mutation is each?6.a. Mutated DNA Template Strand #1: 3’-T A C T G T C T G A C G A T C-5’Complementary DNA sequence:mRNA sequence transcribed from template:Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of mutation: 6.b. Mutated DNA Template Strand #2: 3’-T A C G G A C T G A C G A T C-5’Complementary DNA sequence:mRNA sequence transcribed from template:Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of…

Introduction: The enzyme deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is an endonuclease that hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of the double-stranded DNA backbone to yield small oligonucleotide fragments. DNase I is used therapeutically to treat patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The DNase I enzyme is inhaled into the lungs where it then acts upon the DNA contained in the viscous sputum secreted by the lungs in these patients. Hydrolysis of high molecular weight DNA to low molecular weight DNA in the sputum decreases its viscosity and improves lung function. Animal studies have shown that DNase I is also effective in treating the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this disease, the DNA secreted into the serum provokes an immune response. DNase I prevents the immune response by degrading the DNA to smaller fragments that are not recognized by the immune system. Genentech, Inc., the company that produces the recombinant DNase I, was interested in improving the efficiency of…

Introduction: The enzyme deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is an endonuclease that hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of the double-stranded DNA backbone to yield small oligonucleotide fragments. DNase I is used therapeutically to treat patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The DNase I enzyme is inhaled into the lungs where it then acts upon the DNA contained in the viscous sputum secreted by the lungs in these patients. Hydrolysis of high molecular weight DNA to low molecular weight DNA in the sputum decreases its viscosity and improves lung function. Animal studies have shown that DNase I is also effective in treating the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this disease, the DNA secreted into the serum provokes an immune response. DNase I prevents the immune response by degrading the DNA to smaller fragments that are not recognized by the immune system. Genentech, Inc., the company that produces the recombinant DNase I, was interested in improving the efficiency of…

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(Practice Hint: Click on the right-hand column to choose a bar height. Click again to change the bar height. Click the oraser button to start over.) A scientist analyzed a sample of DNA and leamed that it contained 15 adenine molecules. Predict, based on this information, how many thymine molecules were also in the analyzed sample. 0 molecules 15 molecules 30 molecules 45 molecules ? Amounts of Adenine and Thymine in Sample 10 5 0 adenine thymine

In the drawing shown below, the top strand (purple) is the template DNA, and the bottom shows the synthesis of the lagging strand (DNA in blue and RNA primers in red). 3' 5" ыш Left Okazaki fragment --- -11-- Middle Okazaki fragment Right Okazaki fragment 5' 3' After DNA polymerase I removes the middle primer and fills in with DNA, where is DNA ligase needed? See the arrows on both sides of the middle primer. Explain whether ligase is needed at the left arrow, at the right arrow, or both?

Assign the labels to their appropriate locations in the flowchart below, indicating the sequence of DNA replication events in the production of fragment B. (Note that pol I stands for DNA polymerase I, and pol III stands for DNA polymerase III.)

K What is an example of positive feedback? sweating when you are hot increased respiration during exercise decreased blood glucose levels when insulin is released maintenance of blood pH levels labour contractions during birth

Explain Shortly. I need help   The emergence of new molecular biology techniques has allowed researchers to determine DNA sequences quickly and efficiently. A) How could knowledge of a DNA sequence be abused? B) How could knowing a DNA sequence be helpful? C) Would you ever consent to having your DNA sequenced. Explain your answer

DNA polymerase 1 has 5' - 3' polymerase activity. 5'-3' exonuclease activity and 3'-5' exonuclease activity necessary for DNA replication. Mutations in the gene that encodes DNA polymerase 1 may cause the enzyme to lose its function.  Match the consequence of the lost function mutation to the corresponding lost activity.

Label them from 1-7:

1. TRUE OR FALSE: a) Okazaki fragments are short DNA pieces that explain how the DNA polymerase can continue the synthesis of the new strand. b) Okazaki fragments are short DNA pieces that explain how the DNA polymerase can continue the synthesis of the new strand.

DNA polymerases have exonuclease activity that hydrolyzes DNA in the 3′ to 5′ direction. When an incorrect base is incorporated, it is removed by the exonuclease activity.  true or false Endonuclease activity can remove an error in the middle of the DNA strand like DNA polymerase 1 that removes RNA primer. True or false DNA polymerases can recognize errors and engage exonuclease activity to fix the error on the spot. true or fale?

The steps listed below are necessary in order to of copy double-stranded DNA. Place them in order from first to last. Note that all or only a some steps may be used. 1: Synthesis is initiated on the 3-hydroxyl group of the primer. 2: Two strands of a duplex DNA molecule are separated. 3: DNA polymerase makes a DNA chain using an existing chain as a template. 4: A primer base-pairs with the complementary region of the DNA to be copied. 5: A primer base-pairs with the okazaki fragment of the DNA to be copied. 1,2,3,4 4,1,2,5, 3 2,4,1,3 2,4,3,1 3,4,1,2 2,4,3,5,1

Select the characteristics/descriptions of DNA polymerase. Select ALL that apply requires a primer adds nucleotides to 3' end of DNA strand adds nucleotides to 5' end of DNA strand  does not require primer has 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity that allows "proofreading" of DNA strand being made

Which of the following is matched correctly? DNA helicase: unwinds DNA prior to transcription DNA polymerase: adds RNA nucleotides during transcription DNA polymerase: adds DNA nucleotides during replication RNA polymerase: adds RNA nucleotides during translation All of the above are correctly matched

Match each term with the correct letter