notes 15 quiz 15

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Carleton University *

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3104

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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1- Are “plasmid library transformation” and “transposon technique”, used for investigation of genes function, considered a screening approach or a selecting genetic approach and why? (If you can’t remember the difference between the mentioned techniques you can explain the difference between screening and selecting approach) ANSWER: Plasmid is screening because it is screening for a specific phenotype that for example is involved in arginine synthesis whereas for transposon we induce random mutations and look for interesting phenotypes so its selecting approach. 2- Explain the difference between methylation of CpG islands and insulators. As of their effect on increasing or decreasing gene expression of the genes under their regulation. (No need for explanation) ANSWER: If insulator is methylated the gene is transcribed if CpG island is methylated the gene is silenced. 3- There are two types of siRNAs, exogenous and endogenous which one is responsible for destroying viral mRNA. (Note DESTROYING viral mRNA). (no need for explanation) ASNWER: endogenous 4-Which is an example of a SNP? (Select all that apply.) A) A single base near the neurofibromatosis gene can be a G or a T; phenotype is not affected. B) A single base change in the gene for β globin changes an amino acid and results in sickle cell anemia. C) Individuals with Huntington disease have more trinucleotide repeats in the coding region of the HD gene than normal individuals. D) The most common cystic fibrosis allele has a deletion of three base pairs in the coding region of the CFTR gene. Answer: A, B 5- What mechanisms contribute to the formation of deletions and insertions? (Select all that apply.) A) Repair of double-strand breaks in DNA B) Errors in DNA replication C) Unequal crossing-over due to mispairing of homologs D) Repair of thymine dimers in DNA Answer: A, B, C 6- Which is true of enhancer DNA sequences? (Select all that apply.)
A) They contain TATA boxes. B) They only function to increase gene transcription levels above the basal level. C) They retain function if their nucleotide sequence is moved or inverted. D) They can be more than 10 kilobases from the genes they regulate. E) They may bind to more than one transcription factor at the same time. Answer: C, D, E 7- Gene B is usually expressed only in skin cells. To learn about the mechanism by which expression of the gene B is regulated, you make clones that contain a GFP reporter and various parts of the upstream and downstream intergenic regions of genomic DNA that normally surround gene B (black lines) as shown in the figure below. The resulting clones were introduced into frog skin cells growing in the lab and levels of GFP expression was monitored by measuring green fluorescence. The table at right shows relative GFP expression, with more +s equal to more expression. (one + = basal expression). (regions that are not having black lines shows the parts that have not been cloned to frog but only the black lines). 33) Which area is likely to contain a cis-acting regulatory element? (Select all that apply.) A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F Answer: B, D 8- What is the difference between a reporter gene like GFP and a marker gene like ampicillin resistance? In other words, what is the difference between their purpose or function in scientific experiments? ANSWER: Reporter gene allows us to determine the level of expression of the reporter gene under different conditions like proposing an enhancer region or the effect of a transcription factor whereas marker gene will allow us to make sure a transformation has happened, like if a plasmid has been transformed successfully or a gene knock out has been done successfully in the genome. 9- What is the main focus of human microbiome project? (MAX 2 sentences) ANSWER: To find correlation between human diseases and microbiome population in human bodies.
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