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ANSWER SHEET FOR GENETICS LAB #8 – Natural Selection
NAME:
Lab Section: _______________
Calculate how many generations it would take to reduce the frequency of the recessive allele from
q
0
to
q
n
:
q
0
q
n
Change in q
n
0.5
0.1
-0.4
0.1
0.01
-0.09
0.01
0.001
-0.009
Activity 1
Estimate
p
and
for the given model after 5, 10, 50, and 100 generations
𝑤
Generation
w
=1, 1, 0.99
w
= 1, 1, 0.9
w
= 1, 1, 0.5
w
= 1, 1, 0
5
0.5
10
50
100
Generation
w
=1, 0.995, 0.99
w
= 1, 0.95, 0.9
w
= 1, 0.75, 0.5
w
= 1, 0.5, 0
5
10
50
100
Generation
w
=0.99, 0.995, 1
w
= .9, 0.95, 1
w
= .5, 0.75, 1
w
= 0, 0.5, 1
5
10
50
100
Peppered moth
. Suppose a population of moths with an initial
p
value of 0.8 invade a light colored
habitat. Use Populus to predict what would
p
and
be after X generations.
𝑤
# generations
5
10
15
20
25
30
p =
q =
Peppered moth.
Suppose these same moths with an initial p = 0.8 invade an area with a dark
background, what would
p
and
be after X generations.
𝑤
# generations
5
10
15
20
25
30
p =
q =
Activity 2
Selection for the Heterozygote
Generation
w
= 0.99, 1, 0.99
w
= 0.3, 1, 0.5
w
= .0.1, 1, 0.9
w
= 0.9, 1, 0.1
5
10
50
100
Sickle cell anemia
Expected equilibrium frequency for
q
? ___________ for
p
? ______________
Number of generations to reach this equilibrium with an
initial p value of 0.2 _______________, with an initial
p
value of 0.9 __________?
Use
Populus
(
vs
p
graph) to estimate
at this equilibrium ____________.
𝑤
𝑤
ANSWER SHEET QUESTIONS
1. Was the efficiency of selection different for selection against the recessive genotype versus
selection against the recessive allele? If so, why was this?
2. If there was complete (100%) selection against an uncommon deleterious recessive genotype (
aa
)
in the human population, would you expect to observe much of an effect on the frequency of the a
allele in your lifetime? Why or why not?
3. Why did it take more generations of complete selection to reduce q from 0.1 to 0.01 (a 0.09
change) compared that for a 0.5 to 0.1 reduction (a larger, 0.4 change)? Explain.
4. Although selection operates against deleterious alleles in populations, they are rarely lost from
these populations. For example, most deleterious recessive alleles in population have equilibrium
q
values slightly above 0. Why might that be?
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