Unit_3__Blood_Lab

GEN BIO NUMBER 3 AND 4

I. Blood Typing Red blood cells are coated in antigens made of glycolipids and glycoproteins. The composition of these molecules is determined by genetics, which have evolved over time. The two most well-known blood groups are the ABO and Rh systems. The surface antigens in the ABO blood group are glycolipids, called antigen A and antigen B. People with blood type A have antigen A, those with blood type B have antigen B, those with blood type AB have both antigens, and people with blood type O have neither antigen. Antibodies called agglutinogens are found in the blood plasma and react with the A or B antigens, if the two are mixed. When type A and type B blood are combined, agglutination (clumping) of the blood occurs because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen; this causes clots that coagulate in the kidney causing kidney failure. Type O blood has neither A or B antigens, and therefore, type O blood can be given to all blood types. Type O negative blood is…

Phenotype: A2B 1. Give the possible genotype/s of A:B 2. If you were to perform the blood typing of this individual, what are the expected results given the following reagents Phenotype Forward typing (reagents) Reverse typing (reagents) Anti-A Anti-B Anti-H A cells B cells Al Write "+" for presence of agglutination and "-" for absence of agglutination 3. Explain the results of the blood typing, why would there be a "+" or a "" reaction during the testing. Relate your answer to the presence/absence of antigens and/or antibodies

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A- B ↑ ↑ C- An image of a hematocrit blood test is shown. Indicate which layer refers to the buffy coat. A B Ос

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1. Blood Typing Red blood cells are coated in antigens made of glycolipids and glycoproteins. The composition of these molecules is determined by genetics, which have evolved over time. The two most well-known blood groups are the ABO and Rh systems. The surface antigens in the ABO blood group are glycolipids, calied antigen A and antigen B. People with blood type A have antigen A, those with blood type B have antigen B, those with blood type AB have both antigens, and people with blood type O have neither antigen. Antibodies called agglutinogens are found in the blood plasma and react with the A or B antigens, if the two are mixed. When type A and type B blood are combined, agglutination (clumping) of the blood occurs because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen; this causes clots that coagulate in the kidney causing kidney failure. Type O blood has neither A or B antigens, and therefore, type O blood can be given to all blood types. Type O negative blood is…

III. LAB REPORT   You inherited your blood type from your parents. Your blood type is based on antigens found on your red blood cells named A or B and antibodies found in your plasma called a or b. See Table 1 for the antigen-antibody make-up of different blood types.                                                                                 Table 1   Blood type Antigens Antibodies A A b B B a AB A and B neither a nor b O neither A nor B both a and b   A. When would clumping (or agglutination occur?     ​

Which of the following models best represents this statement: "Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the structure and function of hemoglobin in the red blood cell."

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BME2

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A- : donor blood types B+, B-, O+, and O- В- : donor blood types A-, O- AB- : donor blood types O+, O- O- A+ : donor blood types O- B+ : donor blood types A+, A-, O+, and O- AB+ : donor blood types A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O- O+ : donor blood types B-, O- : donor blood types A-, B-, AB-, and O-

An MLS student on her clinical rotation is running an immunofixation electrophoresis procedure on a 49 yo. male. She notes something peculiar in the total serum protein lane or in some systems this is called the SPE lane. In this lane, there is no band where albumin should be. All of the other bands are present. She checks the patient’s chemistry profile to find that his serum albumin is in the normal range.1. Is albumin an anion or cation?2. Which direction should albumin move during electrophoresis, toward the anode or cathode?3. What possible reason or reasons would cause the albumin not to show up on the gel?4. Should the test be repeated and if so how should it be done differently?5. Is it possible that the patient’s Iiver does not produce albumin due to chronic liver disease and that is why it did not show up on the SPE?

An MLS student on her clinical rotation is running an immunofixation electrophoresis procedure on a 49 yo. male. She notes something peculiar in the total serum protein lane or in some systems this is called the SPE lane. In this lane, there is no band where albumin should be. All of the other bands are present. She checks the patient’s chemistry profile to find that his serum albumin is in the normal range.1. Is albumin an anion or cation?2. Which direction should albumin move during electrophoresis, toward the anode or cathode?3. What possible reason or reasons would cause the albumin not to show up on the gel?4. Should the test be repeated and if so how should it be done differently?5. Is it possible that the patient’s Iiver does not produce albumin due to chronic liver disease and that is why it did not show up on the SPE? P/S: part 1, 2, and 3 was solved

A patient in Emergency Room needed blood transfusion as he was experiencing an intensive loss of blood due to severe trauma related to car crash. His blood type is A+, and he was transfused with 250 ml of blood type O-. Is there any concern that this patient should be monitored for?

ch *REQUIRED 1 12. The diagram below represent the banding pattern for human chromosome 11, with some of the bands labeled. Manic-depressive illness Diabetes mellitus Sickle-cell anemia T-cell leukemia Liver-cell cancer B-cell leukemia Ogenes Chromosome 11 The bands represent enzymes proteins carbohydrates ♥ d 6 0 CS

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION 1.Which of the following is not a function of the hemolymph's carbohydrates? A. major source of energy B. identification tags in cellular recognition and in protein translocation C. cold stress metabolism D. leads to the darkening of the hemolymph   2. Why are inducible proteins used to describe heat shock and cold shock hemolymph? Is it due of this? A. are involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis. B. only occur when the organism is exposed to high or low temperature. C. help insects survive in subzero temperature. D. lead to the darkening of the hemolymph.   3.Single or groupings of stationary cells suspended in the hemolymph by single strands of connective tissue are referred to as? A. oenocytes. B. hemocytes. C. nephrocytes. D. desmosomes.

C5. A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. In human populations, the β-globin gene can be found as the common allele called the HbA allele, and it can also be found as the HbS allele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbS allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following descriptions examples of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?     A. The HbS allele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbA allele.              B. If an individual has two copies of the HbS allele, that person’s red blood cells take on a sickle cell shape.             C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbA allele do not have sickle cell disease, but they are not resistant to malaria. People who have one HbA allele and one HbS allele do not have sickle…

In family 3, can the mother or father donate blood to their child? Explain your answer. What would happen if someone did not receive a compatible blood type during a blood transfusion? (Hint: Reaction between antigens and antibodies when blood typing.)

anti-Rh serum anti-A serum anti-B serum Blood Testing Results for Driver of Car The spot plat above shows the results of a blood typing from the driver of a car that was involved in an accident. A passenger in his car, who was seriously injured, needs a blood transfusion. The passenger's blood type is AB-. Based on the results of the spot plate test, can the driver be a donor for his injured passenger?

This is a blank question. Thank you in advance,  Bloom Syndrome Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is characterized by short stature and a long narrow face with prominent nose and ears. There is also increased sensitivity to light. People who have the disorder often develop rashes on their face, forearms, and hands when they have been exposed to the sun. In addition, these people often suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and have a higher chance of developing cancer. The cause of this genetic disorder is a mutation in the BLM gene located on chromosome 15. The immediate effect of this mutation is that there is a defect in the functioning of the DNA helicase enzyme.  What would be the effect of this mutation on DNA replication? What stage of the cell cycle would be most affected?

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Use the following terms below to develop a concept map on RED Blood Cell Blood Groups (central concept) Red Blood Cell Blood Groups (core concept to start map) Below is a example of a map… Fucose Ceramide Anti-A antibody Sphingosine Galactose H antigen Universal Donor Agglutination Rhesus Factor AB Blood type Glycolipid Erythrocyte Glycoproteins N- acetyl Galactosamine Glycophorin A Codominant Dominant Recessive N-acetyl glucosamine IA IB IO Anti-B Antibody Serological assay A-antigen B-antigen Anti-D antibody (aka anti-Rh) Fatty Acid Oligosaccharide H gene (FUT1) Anti-A antibody α-1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase α-1,3-galactosyl transferase (B-transferase) A blood-type Erythroblastosis fetalis B-blood type Universal Recipient O blood type Anti-M and N antibodies Bombay Phenotype ABO gene

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Multiple Matching. Place all possible matches in the spaces at theleft of each Ig.__________IgG__________IgA__________IgD__________IgE__________IgM a. found in mucous secretionsb. a monomerc. a dimerd. has greatest number of Fabse. first antibody made duringthe primary response f. first antibody made duringthe secondary responseg. crosses the placentah. fixes complementi. involved in allergic reactionsj. primarily a surface receptoron B cells

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