Week 2 Discussion_ Animal v

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Apr 3, 2024

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Hello everyone, I will be discussing plant cells for my post. I see that a lot of folks are discussing the mitochondria replication process within the eukaryotic cells, but I want to turn our attention to plant cell replication. We know that chloroplast allows plant cells to utilize sunlight and turn it into energy, which essentially is food for the plant, but there is more to this process. Chloroplast has its particular roundabout genome which is duplicated inside the chloroplast with atomic encoded DNA polymerases that are transported in from the cytosol. According to the article Plant Organelle Genome Replication , it describes DNA plant cell replication as follows: “chloroplasts utilize a double displacement loop strategy to initiate DNA replication. The two displacement loops begin on opposite strands and begin replicating unidirectionally towards each other until they join to create a bidirectional replication bubble. At this point, the displacement loops fuse, forming a Cairns or theta structure and DNA replication continues bidirectionally until two daughter molecules are created. Rolling circle and recombination-dependent replication have also been proposed for cpDNA. MOC1 has been identified as a Holliday junction (recombination intermediate) resolvase that mediates chloroplast nucleoid segregation” (Morley et al., 2019). These processes are similar to microbes in their resemblance of ribosomes and appearance. In addition, the “organelles have the same sized mitochondria, but different shapes that appear more rectangular. Furthermore, the cellular-shaped DNA loops around super coiled and doubly covalently linked, similar to DNA bacteria, however mitochondria that are ciliated appear more linear” (Origin of Eukaryotes, n.d.). Yes, endosymbiotic relationships still exist today. These relationships are between an organism and the microorganisms that live inside of it. An example of an endosymbiotic relationship is the relationship between coral and the algae that live inside of them. The algae (dinoflagellates) “provide the coral with food and the coral provides the algae with a place to live. Without these relationships, both the host and the microorganisms would not be able to survive” (Endosymbiosis, n.d.).
Some of the advantages include that the microorganisms can help the host digest food, they can help to protect the host from harmful bacteria, and they can provide the host with nutrients. Some of the disadvantages include that the microorganisms can also cause disease, they can compete with the host for food, and they can cause the host to become obese. Thank you for letting me share! References (Endosymbiosis, n.d.) Endosymbiosis. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved February 13, 2024, from https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/ endosymbiosis
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