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Hello everyone,
I will be discussing plant cells for my post. I see that a lot of folks are discussing the mitochondria replication process within the eukaryotic cells, but I want to turn our attention to plant cell replication. We know that chloroplast allows plant cells to utilize sunlight and turn it into energy, which essentially is food for the plant, but there is more to this process. Chloroplast has its particular roundabout genome which is duplicated inside the chloroplast with atomic encoded DNA polymerases that are transported in from the cytosol. According to the article Plant Organelle Genome Replication
, it describes DNA plant cell replication as follows:
“chloroplasts utilize a double displacement loop strategy to initiate DNA replication. The two displacement loops begin on opposite strands and begin replicating unidirectionally towards each
other until they join to create a bidirectional replication bubble. At this point, the displacement loops fuse, forming a Cairns or theta structure and DNA replication continues bidirectionally until two daughter molecules are created. Rolling circle and recombination-dependent replication
have also been proposed for cpDNA. MOC1 has been identified as a Holliday junction (recombination intermediate) resolvase that mediates chloroplast nucleoid segregation” (Morley et al., 2019). These processes are similar to microbes in their resemblance of ribosomes and appearance. In addition, the “organelles have the same sized mitochondria, but different shapes that appear more
rectangular. Furthermore, the cellular-shaped DNA loops around super coiled and doubly covalently linked, similar to DNA bacteria, however mitochondria that are ciliated appear more linear” (Origin of Eukaryotes, n.d.). Yes, endosymbiotic relationships still exist today. These relationships are between an organism and the microorganisms that live inside of it. An example of an endosymbiotic relationship is the
relationship between coral and the algae that live inside of them. The algae (dinoflagellates) “provide the coral with food and the coral provides the algae with a place to live. Without these relationships, both the host and the microorganisms would not be able to survive” (Endosymbiosis, n.d.).
Some of the advantages include that the microorganisms can help the host digest food, they can help to protect the host from harmful bacteria, and they can provide the host with nutrients. Some
of the disadvantages include that the microorganisms can also cause disease, they can compete with the host for food, and they can cause the host to become obese.
Thank you for letting me share!
References
(Endosymbiosis, n.d.)
Endosymbiosis. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved February 13, 2024, from https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/
endosymbiosis
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Related Questions
Please give me just the answers, no need for explantion.
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G1 Phase
M Phase
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3- The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is referred to as its (????).
-Problem
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Edit View Insert Format Tools Table
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S
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I
AT²✓
#tv A
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Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
cytoplasm
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mitochondria
Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?
because DNA can't leave
because ribosomes are in the nucleus
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because helicase unzips the DNA
How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?
1
3
TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT
AUGCAAUGA
ATGCAATGA
AUGGATUGA
TACGTTACT
É O O O O
O O O O
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A
each bead-like structure contains 8 molecules of histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
the bead like structures are made up of core histones wrapped around by the DNA strands
the histone proteins in the nucleosomes contain positively charged amino acids that interact with the
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D
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Eukaryotic Genetic Sequence: 5'-TAC CAT GAT CCC TAT - 3'
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2. What would be the synthesized mRNA strand, and how is it transcribed from the original DNA strand, and then converted from a pre-mRNA strand to a mature mRNA? Where in the cell does this occur?
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____6. “ Prokaryotic ribosomes is made of 40S and 60S subunits.”
____7. “ Prokaryotic DNA is normally complexed with histone proteins.”
____8. It is also possible for a linear DNA (i.e. eukaryotic DNA) to assume a supercoiled conformation.
____9. An Adenine-Thymine base-pair contain 3 H-bonds.
____10. If circular DNA is positively supercoiled, the writhe will be clockwise.
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Cell Line
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WT
none (wild type DNA)
1
a deletion at the same region on both copies of chromosome 4
a point mutation in a gene on only one copy of chromosome 7
Based on this data, what type of geńe is mutated in each of the cell lines? Select all
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1.
Primase has a DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity.
2.
7-methylguanosine cap is added to the 5' end of the DNA after replication in eukaryotes.
3.
snRNA is produced in transcription.
4.
Initiator tRNA enter ribosome with the help of EF-Tu.
5.
At low oxygen partial pressure Po2, myoglobin has lower oxygen affinity than hemoglobin.
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There are two ways in which rearrangement of domain- encoding gene segments can result in novel protein functions. Which of the following is NOT included?
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shared metabolic pathways
similar mechanism for synthesizing and inserting membrane proteins
plasma membrane of similar structure
nucleosomes of similar construction
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Please do not copy paste from web I will report if you do it.
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My question is attached
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A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA.
B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly.
C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle.
D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells.
E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells.
more than 1 answer. not graded
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Related Questions
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
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ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning