Lab 7 REPORT FORM_ CHEKERDJIAN
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Lab 7: How Does Molecular Shape Affect Polarity?
REPORT FORM
Answer the following discussion questions. Support your claim using evidence, i.e., experimental data and/or observations that support the claim. Cite specific observations and/or
results. Connect your evidence (data and/or observations) to your claim using reasoning that explains why your evidence supports your claim. Reasoning should be based on a scientific rule,
law, principle or definition.
Part 1B. Electron Groups and Molecular Geometries
Question #1.
VSEPR stands for “valence-shell electron-pair repulsion”. How does electron pair repulsion determine the molecular shape/molecule geometry? Use two specific examples (molecular shapes) from Data Table 2 (in the data form) to explain your answer. (Hint: In the simulation, is it possible to force the electron domains to be close together?)
Electron pair repulsion determines the molecular shape or also known as the molecule geometry by the repulsions of bonding and nonbonding electrons. Electron pairs tend to repel one another, and they arrange themselves to minimize the repulsion. The nonbonding electrons has a stronger repulsion than bonding electrons.
Figure 1: Figure 2: Both electron’s groups are Trigonal Planar but they don’t have the same molecular geometry. The molecular geometry of Figure 2 is a Trigonal Planar, but the molecular geometry of Figure 1 is bent. We can clearly see by looking at both pictures that the lone pairs take up more space than the bonding pairs.
Question #2.
Identify the molecular geometry and electron group rearrangement for each shape and record the number of lone pairs on each central atom. Explain your answer using the total number of electron groups around the central atom in a particular molecular geometry.
Part 1C. Bond Angles
Question #3.
Which one of these assumptions about the space occupied by nonbonding (lone
pair) electron pairs is most consistent with the experimental bond angles that you observed in the simulation? Do nonbonding pairs occupy more
, less
, or the same
amount of space as bonding pairs? Explain using the structures of two examples from Data Table 3 (in the data form). (i):
Since the molecule has six electron groups it is a octahedral. Out of its six electron groups four are bonded electrons and two are lone pairs the molecular geometry is a square planar.
Molecular Geometry
Square
Planar
Electron group rearrangement
Octahedral
Number of Lone Pair Electrons
2
(ii):
Since the molecule has four electron groups it is a tetrahedral. All are bonded electrons, so the molecular geometry is also a tetrahedral.
Molecular Geometry
Tetrahedral
Electron group rearrangement
Tetrahedral
Number of Lone Pair Electrons
0
(iii):
Since the molecule has five electron groups it is a trigonal bipyramidal. Out of its five electron groups four are bonded electrons and one is a nonbonding electron the molecular geometry is a sessaw.
Molecular Geometry
Seesaw
Electron group rearrangement
Trigonal
bipyramidal
Number of Lone Pair Electrons
1
Nonbonding pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs due to lone pairs repel each other thus taking more space.
Part 2A. Investigating Bond Polarity with the molecule AB
Question #4.
What is the relationship between the orientation
of the dipole arrow and the partial charge on atoms A and B? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples.
Question #5.
What is the relationship between magnitude
of the dipole arrow and the difference in electronegativity between atoms A and B? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples. Question #6.
How does changing the electronegativity of the atoms affect the bond polarity
? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples.
The orientation of the dipole arrow points towards the atoms with a partial negative charge. For example, in the picture below the arrow points towards atom B because it has a
partial negative charge. The magnitude of the dipole arrow is directionally proportional to the difference in electronegativity between atoms A and B. What this means is that as the electronegativity difference gets larger so does the arrow and when the difference in electronegativity decreases so does the dipole arrow.
Changing the electronegativity of the atoms would affect the bond polarity because a larger
difference in electronegativity between two atoms would cause a more polar bond. If the difference decreases, then the bond would become less polar or eventually nonpolar.
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Related Questions
4. Draw the Lewis-dot structure for the organic molecule, CH3-O-CH3, below.
A. State all the attractive forces acting on this molecule. (Note: attractive force = secondary force
= intermolecular force; they all mean the same thing).
B. What is the main intermolecular force for this molecule?
C. Is this molecule polar or nonpolar? Provide a brief explanation (2-3 sentences) for your
answer.
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Answer all of the question above and dont left even one question behind.
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In a post-lab question, a student was asked to explain heat curves. This is what they wrote:
"A heating curve shows how the temperature of a molecule changes as it is heated. First, it starts as a solid below its melting point. Then, as heat is put in, the bonds start to break at the phase change, and the molecule becomes a liquid. The temperature of the molecule cools slightly at this point. Then, the temperature rises again because the heat going in makes the molecules have greater potential energy (motion). At its boiling point, more bonds break and it turns into a gas. The phase changes are the flat regions of the heating curves because all the heat going in is used to break the bonds."
While they have a lot right, there are a number of mistakes. Highlight or copy-and-paste 2 errors, and explain what is wrong/how to fix the errors.
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Part A) Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. Begin by drawing the best Lewis Structure for each of the following molecules. BH3 CH4 NH3 H2O HF
Part B)What are the ideal bond angles for each structure, and which are expected to be distorted? For the ones that are distorted look up on the internet and record their experimental values here:
Part C)According to Lewis and VSEPR theory, why do these changes occur?
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Do not give handwriting solution.
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Have each member of your group select one of the molecules and complete steps a–d. Have members present their results to the rest of the group, explaining the reasoning they used to determine their answers. CS2 NCl3 CF4 CH2F2
a. Draw the Lewis structure.b. Determine the molecular geometry and draw it accurately.c. Indicate the polarity of any polar bonds within the structure.d. Classify the molecule as polar or nonpolar.
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Please answer the following questions in your own words.
Define the following terms:
Ion –
Valence electrons –
Atomic number –
Electronegativity –
Octet rule –
Explain the difference between a covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bond.
Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar covalent bonding. Identify 1 similarity and 1 difference.
Answer the following questions about water (H20):
Which type of chemical bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single water molecule?
Which type of chemical bond holds different water molecules together in a water droplet?
Is water an example of a polar or nonpolar molecule? Explain.
Which atom in a water molecule has a greater electronegativity?
Will water dissolve nonpolar molecules? Explain.
Explain how the following properties of water are important to living organisms:
Water has a high heat of vaporization
Water is a good solvent
Ice is less dense than liquid water
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Please help
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Just making sure I'm answering correctly.
Thanks
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What is the chemical formula for ethane?
Observe your ethane molecule. Are there any polar covalent bonds present?
Based on your answer would you predict that ethane would or would not dissolve easily in water?
Now imagine taking off one hydrogen from ethane and adding a hydroxyl group in its place. Draw your
completed ethanol molecule below.
ouy?
Ethanol is an alcohol found in drinks such as beer and wine. Examine this molecule. Are there any polar cov
bonds present?
Based on your answer, would you predict that ethanol would or would not dissolve easily in water?
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Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling
point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on.
substance
A
B
с
D
chemical symbol,
chemical formula
or Lewis structure
HgCl₂
H₂
HC1
..
H-0-0-H
boiling point
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
(Choose one) v
(Choose one)
X
S
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Given the organic molecule, determine whether it is polar or nonpolar. Explain your answer.
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6,7,8,9,10 Letters ONLY
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We don't see the answer written with a photo or pen, give the answer using the tool
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Chemistry: Bonding
4a. Draw the Lewis structure for CH4, (methane), NH3, (ammonia), and H20 (water).
b. Calculate the bond polarity for the C-H bond, N-H bond, and O-H bond.
c. Classify these molecules as either polar or nonpolar. If the molecule is polar, label the partial negative and partial positive sides of the molecules you drew above.
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7,8,9,10
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I need help with this.
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11. Complete the chart.
**You should not have the same answer for all the IMF in the last column**
Polarity of
Molecular
Formula
Lewis
Structure(1)
Polarity of
Molecule
Justify your
answer.
What type of
Intermolecular
Forces exist in
the molecule.
Justify your
Bond.
Justify your
answer.
answer.
02
N2
H2O
Between the H and
the O
NH3
Between the H and
the N
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Explain, in molecular terms, why oil and water do not mix.
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Part II. Predict and illustrate the molecular geometry of the following
molecules and determine whether or not they have molecular dipole (polar or
nonpolar) by placing arrows.
1. CH4
2. SF2
3. CH3CI
Activity 5 Which is which?
For each pair of molecules, identify the one with the higher boiling point
(BP), melting point (MP), viscosity (V), surface tension (ST) and vapor
pressure (VP).
Compounds BP
H2O; CO2
CH4; H2S
SF2; CC14
МP
V
ST
VP
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Attempts
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Force
Once started, this test must be completed in one sitting. Do not leave the test before clicking Save and Submit.
Completion
Your answers are saved automatically.
Remaining Time: 1 hour, 57 minutes, 27 seconds.
* Question Completion Status:
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Question 12
For the molecule: NO3
What is the geometry of the molecule?
Are resonance forms possible?
What is the hybridization of the central atom?
Is the molecule polar?
A Moving to another question will save this response.
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Question 7 and 8 please
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Solve this
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1. Which is an example of a non-polar molecule that contains polar covalent bonds?
A. H2O B. NH3 C. N2 D. CBr4
2. Which of the following molecules dissolves in water?
A. C6H6 B. CBr4 C. CH3OH D. CCl4
3. SO3 molecules are ____.
A. nonpolar B. either C. polar D. None of them
4. A polar molecule is one in which there is a separation of charge caused by ___.
A. an uneven number of electron pairs
B. an average distribution of electrons
C. a non-uniform electron distribution
D. a complete loss of electrons
5. Which of the following molecule is not polar?
A. HF
B. water (H2O)
C. ammonia (NH3)
D. H2
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1/1
The table shows the type of bonding in a number of elements and compounds.
Element or compound Type of bonding
Fe, Na
metallic
NaCl, MgCl,
ionic
Co, Br,
covalent within the molecules
CL.
di Drawa dot-and-cross diagram for carbon dioxide.
ii Describe the shape of the carbon dioxide molecule.
iii Explain why a carbon dioxide molecule has this shape.
e Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. Weak van der Waals' forces hold the bromine molecules
together. Describe how van der Waals' forces arise.
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attached is the lewis structure of a basic soap molecule. There are covalent bonds between all carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens. However, there is an ionic bond between oxygen and sodium ions.
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ange over time? If setpoints can change over time, what is this called?
IS water a polar or non-polar molecule? Are polar or non-polar molecules more likely to be soluble in water? How does
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change the temperature, etc.)?
Compare and contrast the composition, structure, and functions of the four major groups of biomolecules. Which
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List the important functions of soluble proteins in the body.
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8
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What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol.
How many lone pairs are around the central atom?
What is the ideal angle between the chlorine-oxygen
bonds?
Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the
actual angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds to
be...
0
0
(choose one)
X
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3,4,5,6
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¡¡¡· · · ·
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What is a property of
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What is a property of
nonpolar molecules?
What is the collective
name for intermolecular
bonding?
What is the only force of
attraction between noble
gases?
What dipole-dipole force
between H and
N, O, or F?
results
either
What makes water a
highly polar molecule?
What force is responsible
for holding polar
molecules to one another?
1.
2.
3. intermolecular
4.
5.
6.
7.
London dispersion
polar covalent bonds and
symmetrical structure
hydrophobic
9.
van der Waals forces
hydrogen bond
polar covalent bonds and
asymmetrical structure
8. intramolecular
hydrophilic
10. dipole-dipole
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4. Why is it necessary to draw the Lewis structure before determining the polarity or
attractive force of a molecule?
5. How does the type of attractive force affect the melting point of a molecule?
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