Lab 7 REPORT FORM_ CHEKERDJIAN

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 7: How Does Molecular Shape Affect Polarity? REPORT FORM Answer the following discussion questions. Support your claim using evidence, i.e., experimental data and/or observations that support the claim. Cite specific observations and/or results. Connect your evidence (data and/or observations) to your claim using reasoning that explains why your evidence supports your claim. Reasoning should be based on a scientific rule, law, principle or definition. Part 1B. Electron Groups and Molecular Geometries Question #1. VSEPR stands for “valence-shell electron-pair repulsion”. How does electron pair repulsion determine the molecular shape/molecule geometry? Use two specific examples (molecular shapes) from Data Table 2 (in the data form) to explain your answer. (Hint: In the simulation, is it possible to force the electron domains to be close together?) Electron pair repulsion determines the molecular shape or also known as the molecule geometry by the repulsions of bonding and nonbonding electrons. Electron pairs tend to repel one another, and they arrange themselves to minimize the repulsion. The nonbonding electrons has a stronger repulsion than bonding electrons. Figure 1: Figure 2: Both electron’s groups are Trigonal Planar but they don’t have the same molecular geometry. The molecular geometry of Figure 2 is a Trigonal Planar, but the molecular geometry of Figure 1 is bent. We can clearly see by looking at both pictures that the lone pairs take up more space than the bonding pairs.
Question #2. Identify the molecular geometry and electron group rearrangement for each shape and record the number of lone pairs on each central atom. Explain your answer using the total number of electron groups around the central atom in a particular molecular geometry. Part 1C. Bond Angles Question #3. Which one of these assumptions about the space occupied by nonbonding (lone pair) electron pairs is most consistent with the experimental bond angles that you observed in the simulation? Do nonbonding pairs occupy more , less , or the same amount of space as bonding pairs? Explain using the structures of two examples from Data Table 3 (in the data form). (i): Since the molecule has six electron groups it is a octahedral. Out of its six electron groups four are bonded electrons and two are lone pairs the molecular geometry is a square planar. Molecular Geometry Square Planar Electron group rearrangement Octahedral Number of Lone Pair Electrons 2 (ii): Since the molecule has four electron groups it is a tetrahedral. All are bonded electrons, so the molecular geometry is also a tetrahedral. Molecular Geometry Tetrahedral Electron group rearrangement Tetrahedral Number of Lone Pair Electrons 0 (iii): Since the molecule has five electron groups it is a trigonal bipyramidal. Out of its five electron groups four are bonded electrons and one is a nonbonding electron the molecular geometry is a sessaw. Molecular Geometry Seesaw Electron group rearrangement Trigonal bipyramidal Number of Lone Pair Electrons 1 Nonbonding pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs due to lone pairs repel each other thus taking more space.
Part 2A. Investigating Bond Polarity with the molecule AB Question #4. What is the relationship between the orientation of the dipole arrow and the partial charge on atoms A and B? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples. Question #5. What is the relationship between magnitude of the dipole arrow and the difference in electronegativity between atoms A and B? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples. Question #6. How does changing the electronegativity of the atoms affect the bond polarity ? Explain using words and/or diagrams/structures, or examples. The orientation of the dipole arrow points towards the atoms with a partial negative charge. For example, in the picture below the arrow points towards atom B because it has a partial negative charge. The magnitude of the dipole arrow is directionally proportional to the difference in electronegativity between atoms A and B. What this means is that as the electronegativity difference gets larger so does the arrow and when the difference in electronegativity decreases so does the dipole arrow. Changing the electronegativity of the atoms would affect the bond polarity because a larger difference in electronegativity between two atoms would cause a more polar bond. If the difference decreases, then the bond would become less polar or eventually nonpolar.
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