Chapter 2 - Molecular Transport

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Oct 30, 2023

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Instructor: Jan Haelssig Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Fall 2023 CHG 8116 Advanced Transport Phenomena Chapter 2: Molecular Transport
/77 CHG 8116 Chapter 2 | Jan Haelssig Outline Learning Outcomes Introduction Rate, Flow, Flux, and Gradient Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Newton’s Law of Viscosity Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Analogous Form Multidimensional Forms Secondary Fluxes Self-Test References 2
/77 CHG 8116 Chapter 2 | Jan Haelssig Learning Outcomes Students should achieve the following learning outcomes: State the general rate equation. Describe the difference between rate/flow and flux. Define and describe the concept of gradients and driving force. Describe and apply the equations for molecular transport: • Fourier’s law of heat conduction • Newton’s law of viscosity • Fick’s law of diffusion State and apply the equations for molecular transport in their mathematically analogous forms. Apply the multidimensional forms of the equations for molecular transport. Discuss primary and secondary fluxes. 3
/77 CHG 8116 Chapter 2 | Jan Haelssig Outline Learning Outcomes Introduction Rate, Flow, Flux, and Gradient Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Newton’s Law of Viscosity Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Analogous Form Multidimensional Forms Secondary Fluxes Self-Test References 4
/77 CHG 8116 Chapter 2 | Jan Haelssig Introduction When we disturb a system from its equilibrium state , a transport process will occur to try to restore the equilibrium state or bring the system to a new equilibrium state. This can be tracked by measuring a change in one of the state variables of the system: Temperature, pressure, concentration, etc. Due to the disturbance, there will be spatial variation of this state variable within the system. The difference between the current state and the equilibrium state is the driving force for transport process. 5 https://www.peakpx.com/556527/gray-steel-electric-kettle https://www.pexels.com/photo/abstract-ball-jar-blue-food-coloring-327165/ https://pixabay.com/photos/floating-tire-summer-water-wave-72963/
/77 CHG 8116 Chapter 2 | Jan Haelssig Introduction One mechanism of transport is by molecular motion . It can occur in both solids and fluids. This is also referred to as diffusion and can occur for transport of electric charge heat mass momentum We can formulate a general rate equation for this mode of transport: 6 differences in temperature, pressure, velocity, or concentration material/fluid properties and geometry of system Rate = Conductance × Driving Force = Driving Force Resistance
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