Experiment 19 Lab Report

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Salt Lake Community College *

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2320

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Experiment 19: Qualitative Organic Analysis Unknown 1 Valentina Espinosa Canon Laboratory Partner: Dagmawit Duresa Professor Memari September 26th, 2023
2 Espinosa Materials and Method. Refer to Memari, Behnoush. CHM 2211L - Broward College-Central. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (5th Edition). Macmillan Higher Education, 2023. Results: Table 1: Raw Data TEST RESULTS H 2 O Unknown did not dissolve. HCl Unknown did not dissolve, solid at the bottom of the test was visible. NaOH Unknown dissolved. NaOCH 3 Bubbles were observed, and then the solution completely dissolved. Titration results Melting point was found between 156-157 degrees Celsius. 1. Trial #1 & #2 same result Number of moles of NaOH = (mL of base used) × (1/1000 mL) × (molarity of the base) Number of moles of NaOH = 17.3 mL × (1/1000 mL) × 0.1 M = 0.00173 moles Molar mass = (mass of sample in grams) / (number of moles of acid) Molar mass = (0.225 g) / (0.00173 moles) = 130.06 g/mol Moles of acid = Moles of NaOH (1:1 stoichiometry) = 0.00173 moles FW = Mass of acid / Moles of acid FW = 0.225 g / 0.00173 moles FW ≈ 130.06 g/mol Unknown #1 = Salicylic acid Discussion:
3 Espinosa The purpose of this experiment was to identify an unknown organic compound, which could be an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. Numerous steps were involved in the identification process, such as determining the boiling point, performing solubility tests, and performing classification tests. In order to identify the unknown compound #1, we first needed to determine its boiling point. We observed a melting point range of 156-157 degrees Celsius for the unknown. In order to conduct the solubility study, different solvents and solutions were used to test the unknown's solubility. According to the results, neither water nor hydrochloric acid dissolved the unknown. Upon mixing NaOH and NaOCH3 solutions, bubbles appeared and the solution dissolved completely. A carboxylic acid functional group may be present based on these observations. FW was calculated by performing a neutralization equivalent experiment to confirm the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups. The unknown solution was dissolved in ethanol, titrated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as the indicator, and 17.3 mL of NaOH used were recorded. A titration was performed twice, and an average was used to calculate the results. According to the calculation, FW is approximately 130.06 grams/mole. According to the observed melting point range and the FW, salicylic acid was identified as the unknown. Conclusion:
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4 Espinosa In this laboratory experiment, the primary objective was to identify an unknown organic compound, which could potentially be an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. The identification process involved a systematic series of steps, including the determination of boiling point or melting point, solubility studies, classification tests, and the final identification with the assistance preparation of derivatives. The initial phase of the experiment involved the determination of the unknown's melting point. For this purpose, a simple distillation apparatus was set up for liquids, and a Mel-Temp was employed for solids. The melting point was found to be within a range of 156-157 degrees Celsius. Subsequently, the solubility of the unknown was assessed in various solvents and solutions. It was noted that the unknown did not dissolve in water or hydrochloric acid but dissolved in NaOH and NaOCH3 solutions. Notably, the NaOCH3 solution showed bubbling and complete dissolution, suggesting the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups. To verify the presence of carboxylic acid groups and determine the formula weight (FW), a neutralization equivalent experiment was conducted. The unknown was dissolved in ethanol and titrated in a standardized 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. This titration was performed twice, and the average values were used for calculations. The calculated FW of the unknown compound was approximately 130.06 g/mol. Based on this calculated FW and the observed melting point range, the compound was confidently identified as salicylic acid.
5 Espinosa It is important to note that the calculated FW does not exactly match the known FW of salicylic acid, which is 138.12 g/mol. However, the calculated value is the closest match among all the possibilities considered in this experiment, and the deviation can be attributed to several factors, such as impurities in the unknown sample, variations in the accuracy of laboratory measurements, and experimental conditions. Despite this slight discrepancy, the combination of the calculated FW and the observed melting point range provided a compelling basis for the identification of the compound as salicylic acid. In summary, this experiment underscores the importance of employing a systematic approach and a combination of analytical techniques to successfully identify unknown organic compounds in organic chemistry. Through these procedures, the unknown compound was accurately identified as salicylic acid. This demonstrates the effectiveness of organic compound identification methods.
6 Espinosa Bibliography: Memari, Behnoush. CHM 2211L - Broward College-Central. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (5th Edition). Macmillan Higher Education, 2023.
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