2023_CHEE423_Lab3_Manual
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McGill University
CHEE 423
Department of Chemical Engineering
1
Lab 3 -
Residence Time Distribution
Due date: Two weeks after the laboratory experiment at 23:59 PM
(TA
amirhossein.farzi@mail.mcgill.ca
)
Problem Statement
In reality, industrially used reactors rarely behave ideally. However, it is of great interest to obtain data
on their behavior and to calculate their deviation from the exemplar. The objective of this laboratory
exercise is to study the performance of one of two reactors, those being a stirred tank reactor
(representing a CSTR) or a tubular reactor (representing a PFR).
Experiment
In order to quantitatively describe the behavior of a reactor, the residence time distributions for a chosen
set up will be determined. This will be done by injecting a tracer in a pulse input fashion. The tracer used
will be a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution whose concentration will be recorded at the exit of the reactor
via a conductance cell.
Protocol -
CSTR
1)
Fill the reactor with tap water up to the given mark. The reactor volume is 625 ± 10 mL.
2)
Start the pump and adjust the flowrate by setting the rotameter to a desired value (settings of interest
will be given during the laboratory).
3)
Start and adjust the rate of the stirrer to a desired value (settings of interest will be given during the
laboratory).
4)
Pour some of the tracer solution (2 mol/L ± 0.02 mol/L) into a beaker and extract 20 mL of it in a
syringe. Do not pour the remaining tracer solution back into the stock due to risk of contamination.
5)
Start the chart recorder and zero the pen of the recorder using tap water as a reference. Set the speed
of the recorder to 2 cm/min and set the full-scale voltage to 1V (this is used to convert voltage
readings to conductance). The equations required to covert the conductance readings in units of
mmho to concentration of NaCl can be found at the end of this handout.
6)
Inject the tracer into the reactor at the designated site of interest. This location will be given to you
during the laboratory. Keep in mind to press the syringe as quickly as possible to simulate a pulse
input. At the same time as this is done, a second group member should mark the recorder paper to
indicate the start of the experiment.
7)
Record the concentration at the outlet of the reactor until the conductance returns to that of tap water
(~ 0.25-0.29 mmho).
8)
Record the temperature of the water used. (It may be assumed that this remains constant throughout
the experiment)
9)
Restart from step 1 under a different set of conditions to be given out during the laboratory.
McGill University
CHEE 423
Department of Chemical Engineering
2
Protocol -
PFR
1)
Start the pump at a higher flowrate to fill the reactor with water and expel air bubbles. The reactor
liquid volume is 715 ± 20 mL. The reactor has a length of 157 cm and an inner diameter of 3.8 cm.
The dead volume below the reactor inlet is 16 mL.
2)
Wait until the conductance readings reach that of tap water (~ 0.25-0.29 mmho).
3)
Adjust the flowrate by setting the rotameter to a desired value (settings of interest will be give during
the laboratory).
4)
Pour some of the tracer solution (2 mol/L ± 0.02 mol/L) into a beaker and extract 10 mL of it in a
syringe. Do not pour the remaining tracer solution back into the stock due to risk of contamination.
5)
Start the chart recorder and zero the pen of the recorder using tap water as a reference. Set the speed
of the recorder to 10 cm/min and set the full-scale voltage to 1V (this is used to convert voltage
readings to conductance). The equations required to covert the conductance readings in units of
mmho to concentration of NaCl can be found at the end of this handout.
6)
Inject the tracer into the reactor through the septum. Keep in mind to press the syringe as quickly as
possible to simulate a pulse input. At the same time as this is done, a second group member should
mark the recorder paper to indicate the start of the experiment.
7)
Record the concentration at the outlet of the reactor until the conductance returns to that of tap water
(~ 0.25-0.29 mmho).
8)
Record the temperature of the water used. (It may be assumed that this remains constant throughout
the experiment)
9)
Increase the water flowrate to purge out any tracer that could remain in the system.
10)
Restart from step 1 under a different set of conditions to be given out during the laboratory.
McGill University
CHEE 423
Department of Chemical Engineering
3
Useful Data and Equations
Volts to mmho:
1 mmho = 0.1 V
(1)
Conductance (G) measured in mmho at a certain temperature in (°C):
࠵?
!!°#
=
$
!
%&’(.(!∙(!!’,).
[mmho]
(2)
NaCl concentration (mol/L):
࠵?
/012
= 0.01004 ∙ ࠵?
!!°#
− 0.00164
(3)
CSTR
-
Volume of tracer solution injected: 20 ± 1 mL
-
NaCl concentration: 2 ± 0.02 mol/L
-
Reactor volume: 625 ± 10 mL (without tracer addition)
-
Rotameter calibration: Flowrate [mL/min] = 5.4 × (Rotameter Reading) + 7
-
Volume of outlet pipe in between the reactor and conductivity cell: 10-20 mL
-
Speed of paper on strip chart recorder: 2 cm/min
-
Full scale voltage on strip chart recorder: 1 Volt
PFR
-
Volume of tracer solution injected: 10 ± 0.5 mL
-
NaCl concentration: 2 ± 0.02 mol/L
-
Reactor liquid volume (volume of the glass beads subtracted): 715 mL ± 20 mL (not including
the volume of the pipe leading to the conductivity cell)
-
Reactor dimensions: Length: 157 cm. Inner diameter: 3.8 cm
-
Rotameter calibration: Flowrate [mL/min] = 10.036 × (Rotameter Reading) – 61.386
-
Diameter of glass beads: 6 mm
-
Speed of paper on strip chart recorder: 10 cm/min
-
Full scale voltage on strip chart recorder: 1 Volt
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195] ΑΣΦ
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Cc.55.
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