PHYS 234 Fall 2021 Final Exam

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Purdue University *

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234

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Final Exam Page 1 NAME: Signature: PURDUE ID Number: PHYS 234 Fall 2021 Final Exam Friday 17 th December 2021 1. There are a total of 9 pages on this exam. Please write your name on each one. a. Page 2 contains potentially useful equations and constant. b. Pages 3-8 contain 32 multiple choice and true/false questions, each worth one point. Please mark your answers for these questions clearly on the bubble sheet provided. c. Page 9 contains an estimation problem worth 8 points. Please write your entire answer on the page provided. You may use the back of the page if you need more room. 2. When you are asked to write an explanation, you will be graded on depth, coherence, and clarity. Correct answers with incomplete explanations will not get full credit. 3. Raise your hand if you have a question. 4. This is a closed book test. You may not use any notes or equation sheets. You may use a calculator provided it is not capable of accessing the internet.
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 2 Equations and constants: Metric system: 1 cm = 10 -2 m, 1 mm = 10 -3 m, 1 μm = 10 -6 m, 1 nm = 10 -9 m, 1 pm = 10 -12 m. Power: ࠵? = ! ∆# = $ # : (units: 1 Watt = 1Joule/second = 1 Ampere ° Volt) Gravity: F = mg , U = mgh , g = 10 m/s 2 Universal gravitation: ࠵? = %&’ ( ! , ࠵? = 6.67 × 10 )** +’ ! ,- ! First law of thermodynamics: Δ E = Q + W Heat engine efficiency: (actual) ࠵? = ࠵?/࠵? . // (theoretical) ࠵? ’/0 = 1 − 1 " 1 # Second law of thermodynamics: Δ S ≥ 0 spontaneously. The number of ways of obtaining n heads out of N fair coin flips is N !/[ n !( N - n )!]. Ideal gas: pV = Nk B T , Δ E = 3 Nk B T /2. Snell’s law: n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2 . Lens equation: * 2 = * 3 $ + * 3 % Magnification: |࠵?| = 3 3 % 3 $ 3 , exact expression is ࠵? = − 3 % 3 $ = 4 % 4 $ Real image: ࠵? 5 > 0; Virtual image: ࠵? 5 < 0 Double-slit experiment: Δ y = λL / d . Photons: E = hf , = c , c = 3 × 10 8 m/s, h = 6.6 × 10 -34 J ° s, ( hc = 2 × 10 -25 J ° m) de Broglie wavelength: ࠵? = 4 6 = 4 ’7 Electrostatic constant: ࠵? 8 = 9 × 10 9 ࠵? ∙ ࠵? : ࠵? : = Point charges: F = k C qQ / r 2 , E = k C q / r 2 , U = k C qQ / r , V = k C q / r Electric field and potential: E = – d V /d x . Parallel plate capacitor: C = A /(4π k C d ). Ohm’s law: V = IR . Electrical power: P = I 2 R = IV = V 2 / R RC circuit time constant: ࠵? = ࠵?࠵? (units: 1࠵? ∙ 1࠵?࠵?࠵?࠵?࠵? = 1 second)
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 3 Multiple Choice: Select the best answer and mark it on the bubble sheet – one point each 1. The circuit to the right is a typical RC circuit that will discharge when the switch is closed. Which of the following would make such a circuit discharge more quickly? a. Decreasing R b. Decreasing C c. All the above d. None of the above 2. In a typical cell membrane, the phospholipid bilayer acts like a parallel plate capacitor. What part of the cell anatomy acts like a conductive wire with variable resistance? a. The ion channels b. The Na/K pump c. The cytoplasm d. The dissolved ions e. None of the above 3. A 1࠵?࠵? green laser with wavelength 550࠵?࠵? shines for 1 second. How much energy was in this pulse? a. 3 × 10 !"# ࠵? b. 1 × 10 !$ ࠵? c. 1000࠵? d. It’s impossible to tell without knowing how many photons there are. 4. A 1࠵? laser pulse made up of green photons with wavelength 550࠵?࠵? is shone. How many photons are in the pule? a. 1.3 × 10 "% b. 2.8 × 10 "& c. 5.6 × 10 ’( d. 6.0 × 10 ’$ 5. In the visible spectrum, red light has the largest wavelength and violet has the shortest. Which color has the largest energy photons? a. Red b. Orange c. Yellow d. Blue e. Violet
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NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 4 6. You rub a piece of glass with wool and find that it has accumulated a charge. When you bring the piece of glass near a neutral piece of Styrofoam, a. The Styrofoam is not affected because it is neutral. b. The Styrofoam is attracted to the glass. c. The Styrofoam is repelled by the glass. 7. You rub a piece of plastic with some cloth and find that it has accumulated a charge. When you bring the piece of plastic near a neutral metal sphere that is suspended by insulating string, a. The metal is not affected because it is neutral b. The metal is attracted to the plastic. c. The metal is repelled by the plastic. 8. Two identical charges are brought a distance of ࠵? = 1࠵? apart and experience a repulsive electrostatic force of ࠵? = 9 × 10 !% ࠵? . What is the magnitude of one of the charges in microcoulombs ( 1࠵?࠵? = 10 !) ࠵? )? a. 0.001࠵?࠵? b. 0.01࠵?࠵? c. 0.1࠵?࠵? d. 1࠵?࠵? e. 10࠵?࠵? 9. If two charges attract each other with a force of magnitude ࠵? when separated by a distance ࠵? , how far apart should they be to attract each other with a force of magnitude ࠵?/16 ? a. ࠵?/16 b. ࠵?/4 c. 4࠵? d. 16࠵? 10. Given two charges, one with charge ࠵? " = 1࠵? , the other with charge ࠵? = 4࠵? , which feels a larger force of repulsion from the other? a. ࠵? " b. ࠵? c. They both feel the same force. d. Not enough information to tell. 11. What type of charge/charges is/are likely creating the electric field pictured to the right? a. A single negative charge in the center b. A single positive charge in the center c. An electric diple d. A symmetric ring of positive charges
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 5 12. In the diagram to the right, what ares the signs of charges 1 and 2? a. 1 is positive, 2 is negative b. 1 is negative, 2 is positive c. Both 1 and 2 are positive d. Both 1 and 2 are negative 13. In the same diagram, what can we say about the magnitude of the two charges? a. |࠵? " | = |࠵? | b. |࠵? " | < |࠵? | c. |࠵? " | > |࠵? | d. Not enough information 14. There is a strong, constant electric field in some region. You then put a neutral piece of conductive metal into the midst of the region. What will the electric field be inside the metal? a. The same as it was in the region before the metal was there. b. Stronger, because the charges in the metal separate and amplify the field. c. There will be no electric field inside the metal. d. Not enough information. 15. Some electric field lines are pictured to the right. Where is the field the weakest? a. A b. B c. C d. D 16. When skin is wet, the human body provides an electrical resistance of about ࠵? = 1000Ω . If you accidentally short out a third rail to the ground on the New York Subway system ( ∆࠵? = 625࠵?) what current will be running through your body? a. 0.625࠵? b. 1.600࠵? c. 625000࠵? d. Not enough information, but too much current! 1 2
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 6 17. The potential energy as a function of separation between two charged particles is shown in the plot to the right. What can we say about the two particles? a. One of the particles may be neutral. b. Both particles are positive. c. Both particles are negative. d. The particles have opposite signs. 18. In the same plot to the right, at which of the five separations indicated do the particles feel the largest force a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 19. If a diffusing particle moves a typical distance of 1࠵?࠵? in 5࠵? , how long does it take to move a typical distance of 4࠵?࠵? ? a. 10࠵? b. 20࠵? c. 25࠵? d. 40࠵? e. 80࠵? 20. In a typical double slit setup, red laser light of wavelength 650࠵?࠵? is shown on a pair of narrow slits that are 0.2 ࠵?࠵? apart. The pattern from the interference is projected on a screen 1.5࠵? away. How far apart are the centers of the bright fringes separated from one another? a. 4.87࠵?࠵? b. 0.087࠵?࠵? c. 462࠵? d. 136࠵?࠵? e. None of the above ! " # $ % r U
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NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 7 21. A light ray moves from material 1 to material 2, passing through a flat boundary between the two as shown in the image. What can we say about the refractive indexes of the two materials? a. ࠵? " > ࠵? b. ࠵? " = ࠵? c. ࠵? " < ࠵? d. Not enough information to tell. 22. A charged particle is in an electric field (not pictured). The particle has a charge of ࠵? = −1.5࠵? and it feels a force of ࠵? = 6࠵? pointing to the right. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field? a. 9࠵? , to the left b. 4࠵? , to the left c. 4࠵? , to the right d. 9࠵? , to the right e. None of the above 23. A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 1࠵? when it has a plate separation of 1࠵?࠵? . If a metal sheet of thickness 0.5࠵?࠵? is placed directly in the middle of the two plates of the capacitor and nothing else is changed, what will be the new capacitance? a. 0.5࠵? b. 1࠵? c. 1.5࠵? d. 2࠵? True/False: Mark (A) for True or (B) for False – one point each 24. A diffusing particle can move more quickly than a particle moving under directed motion over very small distances. a. True b. False 25. A system made up of two objects is in thermal equilibrium if the two objects have the same thermal energy. a. True b. False 26. A heat engine can be made theoretically more efficient if the cold exhaust gets hotter. a. True b. False 1 2
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 8 27. If a chamber is filled with 100 particles, the highest entropy arrangement is 50 on the left and 50 on the right (assuming the left and right are equally sized and have no energetic difference). a. True b. False 28. If you heat an ideal gas in a chamber with a fixed volume and pressure that is not closed (meaning particles can flow in and out), the particles will be forced to rush out of the chamber. a. True b. False 29. At room temperature, a particle is much less likely to have lower energy than higher energy because of the relatively high temperature. a. True b. False 30. If an individual particle is in a region of high concentration, it is more likely to move to a region of low concentration. a. True b. False 31. A mass is oscillating from left to right on the end of a spring. If the period of motion is 2.0 seconds, the amount of time it takes for the mass to move from the leftmost point of its motion to the rightmost point is 2.0 seconds a. True b. False 32. A water wave is an example of a mixture of longitudinal and transverse waves. a. True b. False
NAME:______________________________________________________________________ Final Exam Page 9 33. Estimation ( 8 points ) How many people in the world used their smartphone in the last hour? Clearly state your assumptions and how you came to the numbers you estimate, since grading on this problem will be mostly based on your reasoning, not your answer.
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