Chem 115 Activity 7(1)
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Chem 115 Activity 7
Introduction:
This activity covers concepts from chapter 3.
This is an in-class activity!
You will find on BlackBoard an assignment that will ask you to enter some
of your answers. Some of
these questions will be duplicated there. You will get five attempts at each question, so this will allow you
to check your answers, as well as receive a grade. If you are unsure of your answer after four attempts,
you should ask for help. Not all questions will be graded, but you will still be asked to enter a response.
When discussing answers with your group, make sure you not only agree on answers but also why they
are correct. Can you verbally defend why your answer is correct?
Naming Ionic Compounds
Learning Objective 3.8:
Determine the formula of ionic compounds based on the formulas and charges of
the cations and anions.
Learning Objective 3.9:
Based on the cations and anions in the chemical formula, write the name of ionic
compounds.
Model 1: Formulas and names of some binary ionic compounds
1.
In the name of an ionic compound, which ion is always written first?
The anion
or
the cation?
Cation
2.
Look at the names of compounds in Model 1. What difference, if any, is there between the name of
the
anion
and the name of the nonmetallic element that it corresponds to? Write your answer in a
complete sentence.
The difference is the anion ends in a ide when the first element is the normal name.
3.
In Model 1, circle the
names
of compounds for which the metal ion is not in groups 1, 2, or 13.
Ensure that all team members have the same names circled.
CrCl4, FeS, Fe2S3, Cu2S, PbI2
1
4.
Look at the names you circled in #3. What difference, if any, is there between the name of the
cation
and the name of the metallic element that it corresponds to?
Discuss with your team,
and
when you agree, write an explanation in a complete sentence.
The charge of the different metals
5.
Look at the names you did
not
circle in #3. For metal ions from groups 1, 2, or 13 in ionic
compounds, how is the name of the cation related to the name of the metal?
Discuss with your team
and explain in a sentence.
Same (no change)
6.
Consider the formula for magnesium fluoride, MgF
2
.
a.
What is the charge on the magnesium ion? _2+_____
b.
What is the charge on
each
fluoride ion? _1-______
c.
What is the overall (total) charge on the compound?
____0____
7.
Find three other compounds in Model 1 that are not circled. Write the formula of the compound and
follow the process in #6 to calculate the overall charge on the compound.
Formula: ____CrCL4_______
Charge: __0____
Formula: __FeS_________
Charge: ___0___
Formula: ___Cu2S________
Charge: ____0__
8.
In general, what is the overall charge on an ionic compound? ___0____
9.
Based on your answer to #8, what must the charge be on
each iron atom
in FeS?
__2+_____ in
Fe
2
S
3
?
___3+____
10.
As a team
, fill in the blanks to complete the rules for naming ionic compounds:
Naming metal ions: name the metal [example: Ca
2+
= ___Calcium ion_______________]
If the metal is
not
in group 1, 2, or 13, add a Roman numeral in parentheses that represents
_______the charge_____________ [e.g., Fe
3+
= _Iron (III) ion___________]
Nonmetals: Change ending of element name to ____-ide_______ [e.g., N
3-
=
_____Nitride_____]
Naming ionic compounds: name the cation, then the anion [example: FeN =
_____Iron(III)Nitride__________________________]
Formulas for Ionic Compounds
Learning Objective 3.8:
Determine the formula of ionic compounds based on the formulas and charges of
the cations and anions.
2
When anions and cations come together the opposite charges lead to an attraction that bonds them
together through what we call
ionic bonding
. These types of interactions are strong, but they are also
balanced. This means that if you have an anion with a -2 charge you need a cation with a +2 charge. Now
each element or polyatomic ion typically has a set charge. For example, sodium forms a Na
+
charge and
only a +1 charge. So, if it forms an ionic bond with carbonate (which only exists as a -2 charge) sodium
can’t change its charge to give the +2 needed. Instead, we combine two sodium ions to balance out the
charge of the CO
3
2-
polyatomic ion. So, the ionic formula for the ionic compound formed would be
Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+ CO
3
2-
Na
2
CO
3
Equation 1
Ionic compounds should always have a total charge of zero.
The following table gives cations on the left and anions on the top. Give the combination that would be
expected when the anions and cations combine. Two examples are given.
Cl
-
O
2-
SO
4
2-
PO
4
3-
NH
4
+
NH
4
Cl
(NH
4
)
2
O
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
Na
+
NaCl
Na
2
O
Na
2
SO
4
Na
3
PO
4
Mg
2+
MgCl
2
MgO
MgSO
4
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
Al
3+
AlCl
3
Al
2
O
3
Al
2
SO
4
Al PO
4
Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Learning Objective 3.9:
Based on the cations and anions in the chemical formula, write the name of ionic
compounds.
Table 1: Formulas and names of some common polyatomic ions
Table 2: Rules for naming other polyatomic ions
11.
Complete the following table.
Formula
Name
a
CoCl
4
Cobalt (IV) Chloride
b
KNO
3
Potassium nitrate
3
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c
Ba(OH)
2
Barium Hydroxide
d
NaHCo
3
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
e
BeBr
3
Beryllium bromide
f
Li
2
CO
3
Lithium Carbonate
g
CuO
Copper(II) oxide
h
NaClO
2
Sodium chlorite
i
Ca(C
2
H
3
O
2
)
2
Calcium acetate
j
MgSO
4
Magnesium Sulfate
k
NaNO
2
Sodium Nitrite
l
V
2
SO
4
Vandium(III) sulfate
Acids and Bases
Learning Objective 3.11:
Identify the ions associated with acids and bases.
Model 2: Some Common Acids and Bases
Strong
acids
Strong Bases
Weak Acids
Weak Bases
HCl
LiOH
HC
2
H
3
O
2
NH
3
HBr
NaOH
HCN
HI
KOH
HNO
3
H
2
SO
4
Ca(OH)
2
H
3
PO
4
HNO
3
Sr(OH)
2
HClO
4
Ba(OH)
2
Acids dissociate in water to give hydrogen (H+) ions and an anion. For example:
HCl(aq)
H
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq)
Equation 2
Bases dissociate in water to give hydroxide (OH-) and a cation.
Strong
acids and bases dissociate
completely
. Note that the common acids are molecules, while most of the common bases are ionic
compounds.
12.
Consider Model 2. What do all the molecular formulas of the acids have in common?
H in front
13.
How can you recognize an acid from the molecular formula?
Have a H
14.
How can you recognize a base from its formula (with the exception of NH
3
)?
Has OH
15.
Write out the formula for the dissociation of HNO
3
in water similar to equation 2.
HNO3 ------
H + NO3
HNO3 + H2O ------- H3O + NO3
4
16.
Write out the formula for the dissociation of NaOH in water.
NaOH (aq) ------- Na(aq) + OH(aq)
17.
What is a major difference when Ba(OH)
2
dissociated in water?
2 OH-
Additional Questions:
Work on these questions if you complete everything else during class. Complete these after class if
needed for extra practice.
1.
Answer the following for the sulfur atom
a.
How many valence electrons does S have? _6____
b.
What is the Lewis representation of S?
c.
How many additional electrons does S need when it forms a compound? ___2____
d.
What is the likely formula for a compound composed of hydrogen atoms and one sulfur
atom? ___H2S________ Would bonds in this compound be
ionic
or
covalent
?
e.
What is the likely formula for a compound composed of sodium atoms and sulfur atoms?
___Na2S_________ Would bonds in this compound be
ionic
or
covalent
?
2.
Classify the following as acids or bases that were not listed on Model 2.
a.
HCHO Acid
b.
Mg(OH)
2
Base
c.
HOCl Base
d.
Al(OH)
3 Base
5
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