Chem 115 Activity 7(1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Chem 115 Activity 7 Introduction: This activity covers concepts from chapter 3. This is an in-class activity! You will find on BlackBoard an assignment that will ask you to enter some of your answers. Some of these questions will be duplicated there. You will get five attempts at each question, so this will allow you to check your answers, as well as receive a grade. If you are unsure of your answer after four attempts, you should ask for help. Not all questions will be graded, but you will still be asked to enter a response. When discussing answers with your group, make sure you not only agree on answers but also why they are correct. Can you verbally defend why your answer is correct? Naming Ionic Compounds Learning Objective 3.8: Determine the formula of ionic compounds based on the formulas and charges of the cations and anions. Learning Objective 3.9: Based on the cations and anions in the chemical formula, write the name of ionic compounds. Model 1: Formulas and names of some binary ionic compounds 1. In the name of an ionic compound, which ion is always written first? The anion or the cation? Cation 2. Look at the names of compounds in Model 1. What difference, if any, is there between the name of the anion and the name of the nonmetallic element that it corresponds to? Write your answer in a complete sentence. The difference is the anion ends in a ide when the first element is the normal name. 3. In Model 1, circle the names of compounds for which the metal ion is not in groups 1, 2, or 13. Ensure that all team members have the same names circled. CrCl4, FeS, Fe2S3, Cu2S, PbI2 1
4. Look at the names you circled in #3. What difference, if any, is there between the name of the cation and the name of the metallic element that it corresponds to? Discuss with your team, and when you agree, write an explanation in a complete sentence. The charge of the different metals 5. Look at the names you did not circle in #3. For metal ions from groups 1, 2, or 13 in ionic compounds, how is the name of the cation related to the name of the metal? Discuss with your team and explain in a sentence. Same (no change) 6. Consider the formula for magnesium fluoride, MgF 2 . a. What is the charge on the magnesium ion? _2+_____ b. What is the charge on each fluoride ion? _1-______ c. What is the overall (total) charge on the compound? ____0____ 7. Find three other compounds in Model 1 that are not circled. Write the formula of the compound and follow the process in #6 to calculate the overall charge on the compound. Formula: ____CrCL4_______ Charge: __0____ Formula: __FeS_________ Charge: ___0___ Formula: ___Cu2S________ Charge: ____0__ 8. In general, what is the overall charge on an ionic compound? ___0____ 9. Based on your answer to #8, what must the charge be on each iron atom in FeS? __2+_____ in Fe 2 S 3 ? ___3+____ 10. As a team , fill in the blanks to complete the rules for naming ionic compounds: Naming metal ions: name the metal [example: Ca 2+ = ___Calcium ion_______________] If the metal is not in group 1, 2, or 13, add a Roman numeral in parentheses that represents _______the charge_____________ [e.g., Fe 3+ = _Iron (III) ion___________] Nonmetals: Change ending of element name to ____-ide_______ [e.g., N 3- = _____Nitride_____] Naming ionic compounds: name the cation, then the anion [example: FeN = _____Iron(III)Nitride__________________________] Formulas for Ionic Compounds Learning Objective 3.8: Determine the formula of ionic compounds based on the formulas and charges of the cations and anions. 2
When anions and cations come together the opposite charges lead to an attraction that bonds them together through what we call ionic bonding . These types of interactions are strong, but they are also balanced. This means that if you have an anion with a -2 charge you need a cation with a +2 charge. Now each element or polyatomic ion typically has a set charge. For example, sodium forms a Na + charge and only a +1 charge. So, if it forms an ionic bond with carbonate (which only exists as a -2 charge) sodium can’t change its charge to give the +2 needed. Instead, we combine two sodium ions to balance out the charge of the CO 3 2- polyatomic ion. So, the ionic formula for the ionic compound formed would be Na 2 CO 3 2Na + + CO 3 2- Na 2 CO 3 Equation 1 Ionic compounds should always have a total charge of zero. The following table gives cations on the left and anions on the top. Give the combination that would be expected when the anions and cations combine. Two examples are given. Cl - O 2- SO 4 2- PO 4 3- NH 4 + NH 4 Cl (NH 4 ) 2 O (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Na + NaCl Na 2 O Na 2 SO 4 Na 3 PO 4 Mg 2+ MgCl 2 MgO MgSO 4 Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Al 3+ AlCl 3 Al 2 O 3 Al 2 SO 4 Al PO 4 Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Learning Objective 3.9: Based on the cations and anions in the chemical formula, write the name of ionic compounds. Table 1: Formulas and names of some common polyatomic ions Table 2: Rules for naming other polyatomic ions 11. Complete the following table. Formula Name a CoCl 4 Cobalt (IV) Chloride b KNO 3 Potassium nitrate 3
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