Research risk reduction calculation assignment

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Dec 6, 2023

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Activity 1: Computing Risk Ratios Use the information in the table below (New Drug vs. Old Drug) to calculate relative risk reduction and absolute risk reduction using an internet risk reduction calculator (links in this module). Tell me the RRR and ARR numbers and interpret them in plain English. Your submission must report numbers (ARR and RRR) and words (interpretation in plain English). I have developed a new treatment (New Drug) and am wondering if the incidence of low hemoglobin has changed. The research data is presented in the table below. NOTE: You must pay attention to the headings in the table and the headings of the table on the website. Data must be entered correctly to obtain a correct result. HINT: The most common incorrect response is ARR=13% and RRR=26% because your numbers are in the incorrect cells. If you get those answers, review the row and column headings closely and try it again. Base case: Ignoring loss to follow-up Absolute risk reduction: 3.20% of patients will not experience adverse events under New Therapy that they would have under Control. 95% confidence interval: [2.53%, 3.88%] Number needed to treat: You must treat 31.2 patients with New Therapy to prevent 1 adverse event that would have happened under Control. To be conservative, you may choose to round this number up to the nearest patient. 95% confidence interval: [25.8, 39.5] What is the relative risk reduction? Ans: In this experiment, the event rate for the new drug group was 47% and 79% for the old drug leaving with a 32% difference between the two groups measured. From the data retrieved from the online calculator tools, the relative risk reduction for the new drug group was 40.4% and -3.5% for the old drug group. However, when using a different online calculator to measure the Relative risk reduction, I received 95% RRR for the new drug group and 91.4% RRR for the old drug group. I thought it was interesting how using the same numbers but with two different websites gave two very different results. However after using resources from the module articles, I confirmed that the RRR for the new drug is 0.404 or 40.4% and the RRR for the old drug therapy is 0.035 or 3.5%. What is the absolute risk reduction? Ans: When calculating the absolute risk reduction, I must first determine the event rate from the groups. In this study they measured compared the effects between the new and old drug therapy and the rates of low Hgb levels. When calculating the event rates, for the low Hgb I got 47% and for the normal Hgb I got 79%. According to the supplemental reading article and the textbook, to get the absolute risk reduction you would subject the event rate between the intervention and the control group giving 32%.

Proportion (%) of patients with event in group 1 (p1) 4.7 Proportion (%) of patients with event in group 2 (p2) 7.9 Absolute risk reduction (ARR) = p2-p1 (%) 3.2 Standard Error (SE) of ARR; 0.3 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for ARR = ARR + 1.96*SE 2.533 3.877 Numbers Needed to Treat (NNT) = 100/ARR 31.20 95% CI for NNT = 100/CI for ARR 25.79 39.48 Relative Risk (RR) = p1/p2 0.596 95% CI for RR 0.534 0.666 Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) = 1-RR (%) 40.40 95% CI for RRR = 1- CI for RR 33.4 46.6 Odds Ratio (OR) = r1(n2-r2)/r2(n1-r1) 0.576 95% CI for OR 0.513 0.648 Proportion (%) of patients with event in group 1 (p1) 95.3 Proportion (%) of patients with event in group 2 (p2) 92.10 Absolute risk reduction (ARR) = p2-p1 (%) -3.2 Standard Error (SE) of ARR; 0.3 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for ARR = ARR + 1.96*SE -3.87 -2.53 Numbers Needed to Treat (NNT) = 100/ARR -31.20 95% CI for NNT = 100/CI for ARR -39.48 -25.79 Relative Risk (RR) = p1/p2 1.035 95% CI for RR 1.027 1.042 Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) = 1-RR (%) -3.500 95% CI for RRR = 1- CI for RR -4.2 -2.7 Odds Ratio (OR) = r1(n2-r2)/r2(n1-r1) 1.735 95% CI for OR 1.544 1.951

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