FIN550- Cost of Capital discussion
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UPS / Integrated Freight & Logistics
For this discussion board, I have selected UPS. United Parcel Service, Inc., is a package delivery company that provides transportation, delivery, distribution, contract logistics, ocean freight, airfreight, customs brokerage, and insurance services. It operates through two segments, U.S. Domestic Package, and International Package. Their total revenue in 2022 was $100.3 billion.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to
all its security holders to finance its assets, it is also commonly referred to as the firm's cost of capital. A company's assets are financed by debt and equity. WACC is the average of the costs of these sources of financing, each of which is weighed by its respective use in the given situation. By taking a weighted average, we can see how much interest the company must pay for every dollar it finances. Gurufocus uses the following WACC formula and information to calculate WACC for UPS. WACC = E / (E + D) * Cost of Equity + D / (E + D) * Cost of Debt * (1 – Tax Rate)
UPS’s Market Cap (E) = $131,431.482 million The total book value of debt (D) = $24,524.5 million Weight of equity = E / (E+D) = 0.8427
Weight of debt = D / (E + D) = 0.1573
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate of Return + Beta of Asset * (Expected Return of the Market - Risk-Free Rate of Return)
The current risk-free rate is 4.93900000% UPS’s beta is 1.17.
GuruFocus requires market premium to be 6%
Cost of Equity = 4.93900000% + 1.17 * 6% = 11.959%
GuruFocus used last fiscal year end Interest Expense divided by the latest two-year average debt to get the simplified cost of debt.
As of Dec. 2022, United Parcel Service's interest expense (positive number) was $704 Mil. Its total Book Value of Debt (D) is $24524.5 Mil.
Cost of Debt = 704 / 24524.5 = 2.8706%.
The latest Two-year Average Tax Rate is 22.215%.
WACC
=
E / (E + D)
*
Cost of Equity
+
D / (E + D)
*
Cost of Debt
*
(1 - Tax Rate)
=
0.8427
*
11.959%
+
0.1573
*
2.8706%
*
(1 - 22.215%)
=
10.43%
UPS’s WACC is 10.43 % and its ROIC % is 16.77%. United Parcel Service generates higher returns on investment than it costs the company to raise the capital needed for that investment. It is earning excess returns. A firm that expects to continue generating positive excess returns on new investments in the future will see its value increase as growth increases.
According to the UPS official site, some of the
risks that the company and industry are facing in the current economic and political environment
are mainly due to the conflicts in Ukraine and Israel, as well as the increase in interest rates. Many airlines around the world have reported delays or cancellations of flights into Israel as the ongoing conflict continues. Flight cancellations have an impact on the day-to-day operations for UPS, impacting cash flow and therefore impacting WACC. As a result of the conflict in the Middle East Oil prices have seen an initial 4% increase and are expected to increase more. When oil prices rise, the cost of fuel increases, which then leads to higher operating expenses. This, in turn, impacts UPS's profitability and cash flow. If the increase in fuel costs is significant, it can increase the perceived risk of investing in UPS, potentially leading to a
higher required rate of return by investors and an increase in the cost of equity in the WACC calculation. Another significant event for UPS in 2023 was ratifying a new five-year contract with the Teamsters union, closing the door on a potential strike that could have put timely Christmas deliveries in doubt and sent shipping costs soaring. “Due to the new agreement, UPS cut its full-year revenue and profitability targets, citing higher-than-expected labor costs and business lost during the
tumultuous contract talks with the Teamsters.”
(Baertlein & C, 2023)
References:
UPS (United Parcel Service) WACC %. (2023). https://www.gurufocus.com/term/wacc/UPS/WACC-
Percentage/UPS#:~:text=As%20of%20today%20(2023%2D10,capital%20needed%20for%20that
%20investment
.
Freight market update | October 12, 2023 | UPS supply chain solutions ... (2023). https://www.ups.com/us/en/supplychain/resources/news-and-market-updates/market-
update-october-12-2023.page
Baertlein, L., & C, P. (2023, August 23). Ups Teamsters ratify contract, eliminating US Strike Risk
. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-economy-holds-its-breath-ahead-
ups-teamsters-contract-vote-2023-08-22/
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[ Select ]
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>
>
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- Suppose a firm has the following information: Operatingcurrent assets = $2.7 million; operating current liabilities =$1.5 million; long-term bonds = $3 million; net plant andequipment = $7.8 million; and other long-term operating assets =$1 million. How much is tied up in net operating workingcapital (NOWC)? ($1.2 million) How much is tied up in total netoperating capital? ($10 million)arrow_forwardThe specific financial aspects to be considered with your analysis are:• Profit Margin• Total Owners' Equity.• Current Ratio.• Return on Equity.• Debt Equity Ratio.• Earnings per Share.arrow_forwardMCL is an Oman based company and engaging in hospitality industry, across the Sultanate. BDM is responsible to take decisions under the capital rationing circumstances. MCL has the following equipment to be purchased for the next budged period: Project Initial Investment NPV CF 1350000 250000 BG 750000 140000 BD 550000 190000 UB 550000 80000 a) Rank the projects based on the Profitability Index and make recommendations on initial findings. Calculate the total initial capital required for the above combination* (addition of initial investments) and assume always your higher management will approve you 20% less than the required capital. b) Calculate the maximum possible NPV as perthe initial ranking assuming that all projects are infinitely divisible. c) When the projects are not infinitely divisible, Calculate the Weighted Average Profitability index (WAPI) separately for THREE options (Options are from your own choice). 多 d) Select the best option from the part -Cabove with your…arrow_forward
- The Collins Group, a leading producer of custom automobile accessories, has hired you to estimate the firm's weighted average cost of capital. The balance sheet and some other information are provided below. Assets Current assets $ 38,000,000Net plant, property, and equipment 101,000,000Total assets $139,000,000Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $ 10,000,000Accruals 9,000,000Current liabilities $ 19,000,000Long-term debt (40,000 bonds, $1,000 par value) 40,000,000Total liabilities $ 59,000,000Common stock (10,000,000 shares) 30,000,000Retained earnings 50,000,000Total shareholders' equity 80,000,000Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $139,000,000 The stock is currently selling for $15.25 per share, and its noncallable $1,000 par value, 20-year, 7.25% bonds with semiannual payments are selling for $875.00. The beta is 1.25, the yield on a 6-month Treasury bill is 3.50%, and the yield on a 20-year Treasury bond is 5.50%. The required return on the stock market is 11.50%, but…arrow_forwardIn 250 words please tell me whether or not you would recommend that I invest in Nike - you will need to substantiate your recommendation with your ratio findings from the first part of this assignment. A: Working Capital: Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities For 2018: $15,134 - $6,040 = $9,094 For 2017: $16,061 - $5,474 = $10,587 Interpretation: This ratio determines a company's ability to weather financial crunch. Banking institutions are interested for this ratio before granting a loan. B: Current Ratio: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities For 2018: $15,134 / $6,040 = 2.5 For 2017: $16,061 / $5,474 = 2.9 Interpretation: Current ratio is a measure of short term solvency which measures the entity's capability to cover up its current liabilities through its current resources. C: Quick Ratio: Quick Ratio = Quick Assets / Current Liabilities Where, Quick assets = Current assets - Inventories - Prepaid expenses For 2018: Quick assets = $15,134 -…arrow_forwarda. As a financial analyst at a leading UK investment company, one of your tasks is to assess drivers of profitability, in order to provide investment recommendations.Required:Based on the current year (2022) conditions, critically discuss three internal and three external factors that would affect the profitability of firms operating in the airline industry. b. The summarised reformulated items (£) for B&M plc for financial years 2020 and 2021 are given below: 2021£ (millions) 2020£ (millions) Operating assets 3322.45 3530.43 Operating liabilities 561.26 611.08 Financial assets…arrow_forward
- explain the following: Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): formula and what it measures Cost of Debt: formula and what it measures Assume a company has 10 million of total assets:arrow_forwardUsing attached, Accounting Rate of Return on average investment of Project A (expressed to twodecimal places).arrow_forwardUse the table for the question(s) below. Name Gannet New York Times McClatchy Media General Lee Enterprises Average Maximum Minimum Enterprise ($ OA. $3.17 OB. $0.32 C. $0.19 D. $3.49 Market Capitalization (S Value million) 6350 2423 675 326 267 million) 10,163 3472 3061 1192 1724 Price/ Enterprise Value/ Enterprise Value/ Book 0.73 P/E 7.36 18.09 2.64 9.76 1.68 14.89 0.39 6.55 0.82 11.33 1.25 +60% 112% 40% -69% Sales 1.4 1.10 1.40 1.31 1.57 1.35 +16% 18% EBITDA 5.04 7.21 5.64 7.65 6.65 6.44 +22% 19% The table above shows the stock prices and multiples for a number of firms in the newspaper publishing industry. Another newspaper publishing firm (not shown) had sales of $620 million, EBITDA of $80 million, excess cash of $60 million, $15 million of debt, and 120 million shares outstanding. If the firm had an EPS of $0.44, what is the difference between the estimated share price of this firm if the average price - earnings ratio is used and the estimated share price if the average…arrow_forward
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