Case 6 - Justin Cochran

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Jan 9, 2024

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Justin Cochran Case 6: J.C. Penney Company Questions: 1. The three liquidity ratios – current, quick, and cash-to-sales ratios – show us that JCPenney’s current financial positions are in a decline. In fact, all three ratios have shown a constant decline through the eight quarters. The current ratio measures the ability of the firm to meet its current liabilities, for it to be continuously decreasing makes it seem that the company can’t handle their own liabilities. The quick ratio is also looking bad, as it is the same as the current ratio, just subtracting the inventory from the current assets. The cash-to-sales ratio shows the ability of a firm to generate cash flow in proportion to its sales, so for it to also be declining doesn’t bode well for the future sales. 2. The debt-to-capital ratio shows us the proportion of debt to a company’s capital structure. Through the eight quarters the company’s debt-to-capital ratio has been increasing from 39% in Q1 of 2011 to 48% in Q4 of 2012, implying that the company is relying more on debt financing during this period, which is not a good look. The interest coverage ratio isn’t doing very well either, as by 2012 it has decreased significantly, which indicates that JCPenney’s earnings are insufficient to cover its interest expenses. The company’s lower cash-to-debt ratio also implies that the company has a decreasing ability to meet its cash obligations. 3. JCPenney hasn’t been managing their working capital very well. Their current liabilities have remained mostly the same, but their current assets have been steadily decreasing. As noted in question one, the current ratio has decreased, and the cash position of the company has deteriorated as well. So no, there is no opportunity to squeeze any more cash from the company. 4. Equity funding is the better choice as the company is currently loss making, so raising the equity will provide the company with greater financial flexibility, and since the company has a low interest coverage ratio raising debt is not a good idea. The stock price will react negatively to the announcement of the company’s debt financing because it could lead to bankruptcy in the company. An equity issuance will likely lead to an increase in share price as it will lead to the creation of buffers to sustain losses in the future. 5. It is difficult to assess the overall effect that Ackman had on JCPenney, as there were many factors at play that contributed to the company’s performance. However, Ackman was a big advocate for change in the company and pushed for Ron Johnson to become CEO. I believe that Ackman’s interests were likely aligned with other shareholders in the company, as he had begun buying shares and eventually held a significant portion of the company’s current shares and thus had a financial interest in the company.
I’d say that the board of directors’ decision to appoint Ron Johnson as the CEO was a very poor one. He spent a significant portion of their funds hiring high-profile executives for his management team. Despite all of this, the company had a very poor year in 2011. I don’t believe that Johnson was the right choice for CEO, as Ullman in 2010 and the first quarter of 2011 had already had positive results, proving that his methods were working, compared to Johnson, who as CEO of JCPenney, saw the decrease in value of the company.
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