Lab 6; Friction (Report on Part 3 & 4 for Sandpaper)
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Dec 6, 2023
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Lab 02: “Friction”; Part 3 and 4 for Sandpaper
Date Performed: Oct 21, 2023
Date Submitted: Oct 24, 2023
Student: Kyra Pell (Ann)
USM ID: w10132479
TA: Shwe Oo
Purpose
Friction is defined as the force resisting the relative motion of objects sliding against each
other, whether they be solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements. The purpose of this
experiment was to determine the forces and coefficients of static and kinetic friction of a
sandpaper friction block against a wooden board, as well as calculate the maximum angle of
repose of the sandpaper block. The measured physical quantities of this experiment are the mass
of the block (g), the kinetic frictional forces
F
k
(N), the static frictional forces
F
s
(N) and
finally the angles at which the sandpaper friction block starts to slide down a wooded board. The
physical quantities that are calculated are the total weight of the block and hanging weight (N)
(also known as the normal force), the average static and kinetic frictional forces of three trials, their
corresponding
coefficients (
μ
s
) and (
μ
k
), the maximum angle of repose, the
average angle of
repose regarding three trials, and finally, the precent difference (%) of said angle. The physical
principles used during this experiment are the properties of friction and frictional forces.
Introduction
As previously stated, the purpose of this experiment was to determine the forces and
coefficients of static and kinetic friction of a sandpaper friction block and its maximum angle of
repose. To do this I first needed to measure the mass (g) of the sandpaper friction block, add the
mass of a 100 (g) hanging weight, then convert the total to kilograms (see equation 1) and
calculate its weight (see equation 2). I then set the sandpaper block flat on a wooden board. After
this, I set the 100 (g) hanging weight in the center of the block and connected the block to a spring
scale set at zero. I then measured, in newtons, the kinetic friction force and the static friction force
three times each. After words I took these values and then proceeded to calculate the
corresponding avg forces (see equation 3). Using these values, I then
calculated the correlating coefficients (see equations 4 & 5). Then
using the static friction coefficient, I calculated the
maximum angle of
repose for the sandpaper friction block (see equation 6). Then after
removing the weight, and placing the block in the same starting position, I lifted the wooden board
until the friction block just started to slide, and measured the angle using a protractor, a string, and
a small hanging weight. I repeated this step three times. Using
these measured angles, I then calculated the avg angle of
repose (see equation 3). Finally, I calculated the percent
difference between the predicted maximum angle of repose
and the average measured maximum angle (see equation 7).
The
physical assumptions of this
experiment
are
that I made
accurate
measurements with my scale,
and
protractor. Also, that I made
accurate calculations.
Equation 5
Equation 6
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 4
Equation 7
Equation 3
A force that acts parallel to
the surface
1
Friction
A force that acts
perpendicular to the surface
2
Normal
A force that increases as applied force increases up to
some maximum value
3
Static friction
Magnitude depends on the
interacting materials
4
Coefficient of friction
A force that is constant
regardless of the applied force
5
Kinetic friction
Data, Calculations, and Questions
Physics 111L
Friction
Final Report
Student Name
Kyra Pell
Student ID
291291
Lesson
Friction
Institution
University of Southern Mississippi
Session
Fall 2023
Course
Physics 111L
Instructor
Sidney Gautrau
Test Your Knowledge
Match each term to the best description.
1
N
2
f
4
mg sinθ
3
mg cosθ
1
2
4
3
Static friction
μ
k
Kinetic friction
μ
s
Label the force arrows on the free-body diagram.
Label the force versus time graph.
Categorize each statement as True or False.
True
False
1
2
Static friction is caused by molecular
Kinetic friction is caused by molecular
bonds.
bonds.
Friction between objects increases
Friction does not always increase the
thermal energy of both objects.
temperature of interacting objects.
Increasing in the normal force between
Increasing the surface area of
two objects increases the friction force
interaction between two objects
between them.
increases the friction force between
them.
Exploration
The force of friction always acts parallel to the surface of interaction.
True
False
When the objects are moving relative to one another, the speed of the
moving object affects the magnitude of what is known as the kinetic
friction force.
True
False
The force of static friction is always equal to the coefficient of static friction
multiplied by the normal force.
True
False
The force of kinetic friction for a particular pair of interacting objects
is always
the force of static friction.
less than
greater than
equal to
None of the above
Static friction is caused by molecular
and kinetic friction is caused by
molecular
.
attraction; bonds
attraction; repulsion
bonds; attraction
None of the above
The coefficient of static friction is related to the maximum angle of
repose by
.
μ
s
=sin
θ
ma
x
μ
s
=tan
θ
max
μ
s
=
θ
max
None of the above
The coefficient of kinetic friction is found from the equation:
.
μ
k
=
F
app
F
N
F
N
μ
k
=
z
app
μ
k
=
F
app
×
F
N
None of the above
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M
k
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0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
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Yo = 5.2017/5
BLADE
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