Lab #12 Report
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University Of Arizona *
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Course
447
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
5
Uploaded by ChancellorRockJaguar38
McKenna Nichols
BME 447
Loeffler
06 December 2023
Chapter 13 Lab Report: Immunosensors
Results
Task 1: Insulin ELISA Kit
No test results for this task.
Task 2: Insulin Elisa Kit with Smartphone Camera
Insulin Concentration
Red Intensity
Green Intensity
Blue Intensity
Absorbance
0
165.758
162.835
147.914
0
7.5
165.566
160.011
91.748
0.2074
15
180.160
175.216
103.526
0.1549
30
177.253
173.063
104.134
0.1524
60
173.544
168.654
100.132
0.1694
90
179.501
173.583
82.886
0.2515
135
180.012
172.044
70.379
0.3226
Task 3: Pregnancy Test (LFA)
hCG
Concentration
Red Intensity
Absorbance
[Red]
Green Intensity
Absorbance
[Green]
Blue Intensity
Absorbance
[Blue]
0
201
0
197
0
179
0
0.25
155.299
0.1120
124.119
0.2006
123.086
0.1626
0.5
157.956
0.1047
97
0.3077
110
0.2115
Discussion
In the first task of this lab, we began by filling 8 wells with 100
HRP. Then to each
µ𝐿
well we added 25
of one standard or control. After this, the wells were left to incubate for 60
µ𝐿
minutes at 37
℃
. We then removed the liquids from the wells and wash each well 3 times with
250
of the wash buffer. We then added 100
of substrate to each well and let the solution
µ𝐿
µ𝐿
incubate for 15 minutes in the dark. After incubation, we place 50
of stop solution into each
µ𝐿
well.
In the second task of this lab, we used our smartphone to take images of each well. Using
ImageJ, we obtained the intensity values for all three channels, blue, green, and red. From here
we calculated the absorbance values using the blue intensities. We then graphed the blue
absorbance versus the insulin concentration. This graph can be seen in the results sections of this
report. The red and green intensities showed to stay pretty constant as the insulin concentration
changed whereas the blue color intensities decreased as the insulin concentration increased. With
the blue intensity significantly lower than the red and green intensities, it is perceived as yellow.
This is why we must evaluate the blue intensities to quantify the yellowness of each microplate
well.
In the third task of this lab, we used three pregnancy test strips and placed them into three
solutions with varying hCG concentrations for 3 seconds. After allowing the strips to dry for 5
minutes, we took pictures of each strip. We then used ImageJ to obtain the intensity values for all
three channels (red, blue, and green). We then calculated the absorbance for each channel. We
then graphed the absorbance versus the concentration of hCG. This graph can be seen in the
results section of this lab. Although pregnancy tests are typically analyzed in a positive versus
negative manner, they can actually be quantified based on the darkness of the lines. We saw that
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Related Questions
Task 3-a:
If you have four instruments used to measure a temperature of 50.02 C inside the factory. However, the
instruments gave different readings for different trials as follows:
Instrument 1 20
30
40
50
60
70
80
51
49
Instrument 2 49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
Instrument 3 48.01
48.03
49.02
49.01
50.00
48.02
47.09
47.05
47.80
Instrument 4 17.01
17.02
17.09
17.03
17.01
17.03
15.09
19.02
17.00
1. Define the resolution of an instrument.
2. Define the sensitivity of an instrument, then explain how the sensitivity of an instrument can
be calculated.
3. Define the accuracy of an instrument system and explain using your own words how the
accuracies of different instruments are compared.
4. Define the precision of an instrument system and explain using your own words how the
precisions for different instruments are compared.
arrow_forward
Sample Paychrometrie Chart
(Use the Chart from the Weather ToolKit
6.0
WET BULB (WB) TEMPERATURE
5.5
35
5.0
作30
4.5
300
4.0
25
HMIDI
3.5
20
3.0
2.5
15
20
68%
2.0
S0%
1.5
10
(kPa)
100
1.0
20%
0.5
10%
0.0
-10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (Celsius)
At a temperature of 25 °C what is the mixing ratio if the relative humidity is E
Work from the printed chart from the Tools folder
O a) 12.5 g/kg
Ob) 16.5 g/kg
O) 18.5 g/kg
O d) 20 g/kg
O e) 22.5 g/kg
VAPOUR
URE
arrow_forward
Plot the graph of the charpy impact test
arrow_forward
The number of contaminating particles on a silicon wafer prior to a certain rinsing process was determ
for each wafer in a sample size 100, resulting in the following frequencies:
Cumulative
Cumulative
Number of Particles
Frequency
Number of Particles
Frequency
8
84
3
9.
88
2
6.
10
93
3
18
11
96
4
29
12
97
5
44
13
99
62
14
100
7
72
a) What proportion of the sampled wafers had (P > 5) ?
b) What proportion of the sampled wafers had between (4
arrow_forward
2. The results from a settling column test performed on a municipal sewage from a certain town were as
presented below. The experiments were conducted on a sample of sewage which is sieved through a
1.2 mm mesh to remove gross solids that would block valves. 501 of the sample weighed 1.352 gm.
After drying.
Sampling
Time
(min.)
0
60
180
360
Experimental results for amount of SS remaining in the sample (mg/l)
Sampling depth (cm)
100
230
150
118
90
200
230
150
143
115
300
230
159
147
134
400
230
157
152
145
The sewage treatment work incorporates two primary settlement tanks each of a diameter of 25 m.
The sewage flow to the tanks is 0.3 m³/s. Find the percentage expected SS removal at the works.
arrow_forward
7. Repeat the experiment using a second and third rod of different material.
Data Table:
T; °C
Lo m
Aluminum 0.30
Material
AL m
T; °C
AT °C
5.44 x 10-4
24.6
100.2
0.29
4.21 x 10-4
23.5
99.9
Brass
0.30
3.83 х 104
25.0
100
Copper
Data Analysis Table
Experimental a Accepted a /°C
24 x 10-6
Material
Error %
Aluminum
19 х 106
Brass
17x 10-6
Сopper
arrow_forward
Q.49 A person operates a machine that makes capacitors. He has been advised to keep
the track of the percentage defectives at his work center. He knows that this type of
process, they expect about 4% defectives plus or minus some chance variation. He
wishes to initially construct a control chart for defectives. He has prepared ten daily
samples of hundred capacitors each.
Sample No. 1 2 3456 789 10
% defectives 4 3 36 195 12 4 3
) Construct the relevent control chart. What are upper and lower control limits?
arrow_forward
QUESTION 7
The heat evolved in calories per gram of a cement mixture is approximately normally distributed. The mean is thought to be 100, and
the standard deviation is 2. You wish to test Ho: μ =100 versus H₁: μ #100 with a sample of n=9 specimens. If the acceptance region
is defined as 98.5 ≤x≤ 101.5, f Find ß for the case in which the true mean heat evolved is 103
O a.0.5
b. 0.0244
O c.0.9878
O d. 0.0122
arrow_forward
The heat transfer conducted through material is calculated from the equation:
Q = KX AXTD/L
Where K: Conductivity of material
A: Area of heat transfer
TD: Temperature difference across material
L: Thickness of material
A student measures the area, thickness and temperature difference and assumes that the error in conductivity is negligible. The
student also estimates the uncertainty range for each variable.
In estimating the maximum possible value of Q, the student should use the following formula:
A
B
Q max= K x A max x TD max / L max
Q max= K x A max x TD max / L nom
Q max= Q nominal + dQ/dLmin
Q max= K x A max x TD max / L min
arrow_forward
Macro farms Ltd can purchase two types of fertilizer which contain the following percentage
Nitrate Phosphate Potash
Type X 18 5 2
Type Y 3 2 5
For certain type of crop, the following minimum quantities (kg) are required Nitrate Phosphate Potash
100 50 40
Type X cost GHS10 per kg and type Y cost GHS5 per kg. The company currently buys 1,000 kg of each type and wishes to minimize it expenditure on fertilizers.Required
1. What is the minimum expenditure that can be incurred on fertilizer?
2. Find the savings the company can make by switching from it current policy to your recommendation.
arrow_forward
I hope you can help me thank you
arrow_forward
3. The following table shows the daily temperature measurements and numberof defects for the
Temperature
Day
Number of Defects
1
24.2
25
2
22.7
31
3
30.5
36
4
28.6
33
5
25.5
19
32.0
24
7
28.6
27
8
26.5
25
9.
25.3
16
10
26.0
14
11
24.4
22
12
24.8
23
13
20.6
20
14
25.1
25
15-day observation. 15
21.4
25
Compute for the following:
a.
Mean
b. Median
C.
Variance
d. Standard deviation
е.
Mean deviation
arrow_forward
The number of pups in wolf dens of the southwestern United States is recorded below for wolf dens:
5875343958 56 5 6479436 10 89 127 12 10 969
Compute a 90% confidence interval for the population mean of wolf pups per den in the southwestern United States ( 2decimal
places)
E =
lower limit =
upper limit =
arrow_forward
Please help Matlab, as well needs to be on excel data sheet.
P14.19 You perform experiments and determine the following values of heat capacity cat various temperatures T for a gas:I) For c, determine (a) the mean, (b) median, (c) mode, (d) range, (e) standarddeviation, (f) variance, and (g) coefficient of variation.II) Using linregr given function, fit the data using a straight line (determine a1,a0, r2). Plot the data and the regression curve.III) Using polyfit command, fit the data using a quadratic curve (determine a2, a1, a0).Plot the data and the regression curve.IV) Using linregr given function, fit the data using exponential model (determineα, β, r2). Plot the data and the regression curve in the T-c space (not the T-log(c)space)
T -50 -30 0 60 90 110
C 1250 1280 1350 1480 1580 1700
arrow_forward
Go
Tools
Window
Help
A Screen Shot 2021-10-30 at 6.12.39 AM Edited
Q Sea
A-
Exercise
Consider the following
readings in a reactor:
table of data representing temperature
Thermocouple 1
Thermocouple 2
Thermocouple 3
84.3
86.4
90.0
85.2
87.1
83.5
89.5
88.6
88.9
88.9
86.7
87.6
88.3
85.3
80.3
84.8
90.4
82.4
85.0
85.3
85.3
85 2
82.3
84.7
83.6
89.3
83.4
85.4
89.5
88.9
89.1
86.3
85.3
89.0
87.3
87.2
89.5
89.4
89.8
(a) The maximum temperature measured by each thermocouple.
(b) The minimum temperature measured by each thermocouple.
oct
30
Ctv
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mecha
arrow_forward
On the drawing attached, before any geometric controls are applied, what is the coaxility tolerance is implied between the diamters?
arrow_forward
Please solve this question
arrow_forward
7. A load cell is calibrated in an environment at a temperature of 21°C and has the
following deflection/load characteristic:
Load (kg)
Deflection (mm)
50
100
150
200
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
When used in an environment at 35°C, its characteristic changes to the following:
Load (kg)
Deflection (mm)
50
100
150
200
0.2
1.3
2.4
3.5
4.6
(a) Determine the sensitivity at 21 and 35°C.
(b) Calculate the total zero drift and sensitivity drift at 35°C.
(c) Hence determine the zero drift and sensitivity drift coefficients (in units of um/°C
and (um per kg)/(°C).
arrow_forward
What is the linearity (r-) value of the following concentration and absorbance values:
SAMPLE
CONCENTRATION
ABSORBANCE
1
0.178
0.2127
0.274
0.2715
0.473
0.3892
0.574
0.4568
0.673
0.5327
16
0.864
0.6283
0.9876
0.9976
0.9786
0.9562
arrow_forward
What is Qh and Qc based on the table
arrow_forward
Please show work for practice problem 12
arrow_forward
Student
A
B
D
H
Number
201780130
2
1
7
8
1
3
Evaluate the following variables and use them as given in the following problems.
200 if I is even, 250 if I is odd
(D + G)*10
(H + I/2, if in case the result is zero, use 3
(A +C + E)*2
(P + M)*20
H + 5
M
Q
%3D
50(E + G + 1)
II
II || || || ||||
ZNPORX
arrow_forward
A chemical engineer desiring to study the evaporation rate of water from brine evaporation beds obtained data on the number of inches of evaporation in each of 55 July days spread over 4 years. The data are given in the following stem and leaf plot, which shows that the smallest data value was 0.02 inch, and the largest 0.56 inch.
Stem Leaf
0.0 2, 6
0.1 1, 4
0.2 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 9
0.3 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9
0.4 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9
0.5 2, 5, 6
Find the:
a) sample mean;
b) sample median;
c) sample standard deviation of these data.
d) Do the data appear to be approximately normal?
e) What percentage of data values are within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
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3. Examine your data in Data Table 2 and in Data Table 3. For the data with the smallest percentage
difference, compare the total energy at each point. Calculate the sum U₁+Ug at x₁ as ½kx-mgx₁.
Calculate that sum at x₂ as ½kx²-mgx₂. Do you expect them to agree reasonably well? Explain why
they should or should not be the same.
4. Consider the same data as used in Question 3. Calculate the value of x halfway between x₁ and x₂.
Calculate U₁+Ug=½kx² − mgx_for_that point. Do you expect them to agree with the energy
calculated in Question 3? If they agree reasonably well, explain why they do. If they do not agree,
explain why they do not agree.
arrow_forward
Mech 374
arrow_forward
How did they get the Fab and Fbc?
arrow_forward
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Related Questions
- Task 3-a: If you have four instruments used to measure a temperature of 50.02 C inside the factory. However, the instruments gave different readings for different trials as follows: Instrument 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 51 49 Instrument 2 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Instrument 3 48.01 48.03 49.02 49.01 50.00 48.02 47.09 47.05 47.80 Instrument 4 17.01 17.02 17.09 17.03 17.01 17.03 15.09 19.02 17.00 1. Define the resolution of an instrument. 2. Define the sensitivity of an instrument, then explain how the sensitivity of an instrument can be calculated. 3. Define the accuracy of an instrument system and explain using your own words how the accuracies of different instruments are compared. 4. Define the precision of an instrument system and explain using your own words how the precisions for different instruments are compared.arrow_forwardSample Paychrometrie Chart (Use the Chart from the Weather ToolKit 6.0 WET BULB (WB) TEMPERATURE 5.5 35 5.0 作30 4.5 300 4.0 25 HMIDI 3.5 20 3.0 2.5 15 20 68% 2.0 S0% 1.5 10 (kPa) 100 1.0 20% 0.5 10% 0.0 -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (Celsius) At a temperature of 25 °C what is the mixing ratio if the relative humidity is E Work from the printed chart from the Tools folder O a) 12.5 g/kg Ob) 16.5 g/kg O) 18.5 g/kg O d) 20 g/kg O e) 22.5 g/kg VAPOUR UREarrow_forwardPlot the graph of the charpy impact testarrow_forward
- The number of contaminating particles on a silicon wafer prior to a certain rinsing process was determ for each wafer in a sample size 100, resulting in the following frequencies: Cumulative Cumulative Number of Particles Frequency Number of Particles Frequency 8 84 3 9. 88 2 6. 10 93 3 18 11 96 4 29 12 97 5 44 13 99 62 14 100 7 72 a) What proportion of the sampled wafers had (P > 5) ? b) What proportion of the sampled wafers had between (4arrow_forward2. The results from a settling column test performed on a municipal sewage from a certain town were as presented below. The experiments were conducted on a sample of sewage which is sieved through a 1.2 mm mesh to remove gross solids that would block valves. 501 of the sample weighed 1.352 gm. After drying. Sampling Time (min.) 0 60 180 360 Experimental results for amount of SS remaining in the sample (mg/l) Sampling depth (cm) 100 230 150 118 90 200 230 150 143 115 300 230 159 147 134 400 230 157 152 145 The sewage treatment work incorporates two primary settlement tanks each of a diameter of 25 m. The sewage flow to the tanks is 0.3 m³/s. Find the percentage expected SS removal at the works.arrow_forward7. Repeat the experiment using a second and third rod of different material. Data Table: T; °C Lo m Aluminum 0.30 Material AL m T; °C AT °C 5.44 x 10-4 24.6 100.2 0.29 4.21 x 10-4 23.5 99.9 Brass 0.30 3.83 х 104 25.0 100 Copper Data Analysis Table Experimental a Accepted a /°C 24 x 10-6 Material Error % Aluminum 19 х 106 Brass 17x 10-6 Сopperarrow_forwardQ.49 A person operates a machine that makes capacitors. He has been advised to keep the track of the percentage defectives at his work center. He knows that this type of process, they expect about 4% defectives plus or minus some chance variation. He wishes to initially construct a control chart for defectives. He has prepared ten daily samples of hundred capacitors each. Sample No. 1 2 3456 789 10 % defectives 4 3 36 195 12 4 3 ) Construct the relevent control chart. What are upper and lower control limits?arrow_forwardQUESTION 7 The heat evolved in calories per gram of a cement mixture is approximately normally distributed. The mean is thought to be 100, and the standard deviation is 2. You wish to test Ho: μ =100 versus H₁: μ #100 with a sample of n=9 specimens. If the acceptance region is defined as 98.5 ≤x≤ 101.5, f Find ß for the case in which the true mean heat evolved is 103 O a.0.5 b. 0.0244 O c.0.9878 O d. 0.0122arrow_forwardThe heat transfer conducted through material is calculated from the equation: Q = KX AXTD/L Where K: Conductivity of material A: Area of heat transfer TD: Temperature difference across material L: Thickness of material A student measures the area, thickness and temperature difference and assumes that the error in conductivity is negligible. The student also estimates the uncertainty range for each variable. In estimating the maximum possible value of Q, the student should use the following formula: A B Q max= K x A max x TD max / L max Q max= K x A max x TD max / L nom Q max= Q nominal + dQ/dLmin Q max= K x A max x TD max / L minarrow_forwardMacro farms Ltd can purchase two types of fertilizer which contain the following percentage Nitrate Phosphate Potash Type X 18 5 2 Type Y 3 2 5 For certain type of crop, the following minimum quantities (kg) are required Nitrate Phosphate Potash 100 50 40 Type X cost GHS10 per kg and type Y cost GHS5 per kg. The company currently buys 1,000 kg of each type and wishes to minimize it expenditure on fertilizers.Required 1. What is the minimum expenditure that can be incurred on fertilizer? 2. Find the savings the company can make by switching from it current policy to your recommendation.arrow_forwardI hope you can help me thank youarrow_forward3. The following table shows the daily temperature measurements and numberof defects for the Temperature Day Number of Defects 1 24.2 25 2 22.7 31 3 30.5 36 4 28.6 33 5 25.5 19 32.0 24 7 28.6 27 8 26.5 25 9. 25.3 16 10 26.0 14 11 24.4 22 12 24.8 23 13 20.6 20 14 25.1 25 15-day observation. 15 21.4 25 Compute for the following: a. Mean b. Median C. Variance d. Standard deviation е. Mean deviationarrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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