Mini Lab #6

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Texas A&M University *

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201

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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5

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Laboratory Report: Lab Date: October 17, 2023 Experiment’s Title: Friction Forces Course/Section #: PHYS 201-400 Station #: 1 Names of students (who performed the experiment): Natalie Hesterman & Holly Pawlowski & Alejandro Mapula Names of missing students: N/A TA’s Name: Mahmodul Maheen Lab Partners: Natalie Hesterman & Holly Pawlowski & Alejandro Mapula
Introduction: In this lab, we familiarized ourselves with friction forces. Friction forces are contact forces that arise due to imperfections of the surfaces in contact. There are three types of frictional forces. These are static, kinetic, and rolling friction. A static friction force is present when the object does not slide with respect to its surface. The kinetic friction force is used when the object is sliding. Lastly, rolling friction is present when the object has wheels. For this lab, we observed some of the properties of these frictional forces. To conduct this experiment, we placed a cart of mass (m) on a dynamic track and connected a string to a mass (m) hanging over a pulley when the hanging mass was released and started to fall the cart slid across the track on the table. When this happens, the 4 forces acting on this are the force of gravity pulling the hanging mass, the weight of the cart, the normal force applied on the cart, and the frictional force acting on the cart. There were several equations that we had to learn. These include: The variables in these equations are: 1. F=(M+m)a a=acceleration f = friction force 2. F=m*g+ f F=force N = normal force 3. f =μ* N m=mass μ= coefficient of friction 4. N=M*g M= magnification 5. μ=(m*g-(M+m)a)/(M*g) g=gravity (9.81 m/s^2) Furthermore, in this lab, we studied the coefficient of friction between the cart and the track and its dependency on normal force. We used a dynamic track, cart, friction pad, photogate/pulley system, hanger/string, and a mass set to perform this experiment. Results: Activity #1: In Activity 1 of this experiment we did 3 cases including 5 trials each. We collected the force, measured acceleration, force/acceleration, friction coefficient, average, and the STD values which allowed us to make these tables below. Furthermore, for activity 1 we took friction into consideration by estimating the force that drives the motion of the cart. Table 1. Case #1(155g) Item: Trial #1: Trial #2: Trial #3: Trial #4: Trial #5: Average: STD: Force (stat): 0.9049 0.8704 0.8869 0.9683 0.7529 0.87668 0.07851109476 Measured Acceleration (stat): 1.605 1.74 1.585 1.56 1.597 1.6174 0.07061373804 Force/Acceleration: 0.563 0.5002298 851 0.5595583 596 0.6207051 282 0.4714464 621 0.5420304192 1.111838814 μ (friction coefficent): 0.01
Table 2. Case #2(255g) Item: Trial #1: Trial #2: Trial #3: Trial #4: Trial #5: Average: STD: Force (stat): 1.702 1.987 1.913 1.78 1.904 1.8572 0.1142352835 Measured Acceleration (stat): 2.293 2.419 2.065 2.43 2.189 2.2792 0.1553164512 Force/Acceleration: 1.3472385 43 1.2174131 86 1.0794563 51 1.3651685 39 1.1496848 74 1.231792299 0.1237655908 μ (friction coefficent): 0.03 Table 3. Case #3(255g +100g on cart) Item: Trial #1: Trial #2: Trial #3: Trial #4: Trial #5: Average: STD: Force (stat): 1.96 1.914 2.09 1.975 1.901 1.968 0.07483648843 Measured Acceleration (stat): 2.158 2.182 2.178 2.167 2.172 2.1714 0.009423375192 Force/Acceleration: 0.9082483 781 0.8771769 019 0.9595959 596 0.9113982 464 0.8752302 026 0.906329937 7 0.03421889199 μ (friction coefficent): 0.01 Activity #2: For Activity 2, we did another 3 cases that each had 5 trials. These all collected the same data as above, however, the experiment run was different. The aim of Activity 2 was to redo Activity 1 but to add on the friction pad to the cart, which would apply the maximum friction between the cart and the dynamic track. Table 4. Case #4(155g) Item: Trial #1: Trial #2: Trial #3: Trial #4: Trial #5: Average: STD: Force (stat): 1.382 1.485 1.372 1.405 1.412 1.4058 0.04437003493 Measured Acceleration (stat): 0.9097 0.9166 0.9046 1.164 0.8934 0.95766 0.1156578921 Force/Acceleration: 1.5191821 48 1.6201178 27 1.5166924 61 1.2070446 74 1.5804790 69 1.488703236 0.1633527661 μ (friction coefficent): 0.09
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