Lab06_Conservation of Energy 2

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Pennsylvania State University *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Penn State University Physics 211R: Lab – NA II: Conservation of Energy 1 Nittany Adventure (Conservation of Energy) Reading: Knight: Chapter 10 Conceptual Understanding Goals: By the end of this laboratory, you should be able to: (1) Calculate the kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, and gravitational potential energy for an object. (2) Use Hooke’s Law to relate the spring constant of a spring to its restoring force and its extension. (3) Use conservation of energy to relate the total energy of a system at one point to the total energy of the system at another point. (4) Use conservation of energy to determine the energy transferred into thermal energy due to dissipative forces such as friction. Laboratory Skill Goals: By the end of this laboratory, you should be able to: (1) Use the calculator feature of Capstone to graph potential and kinetic energy. (2) Predict the speed of a cart under the influence of a spring and gravity. (3) Draw reasonable conclusions about the motion of an object based upon data. Equipment List: Computer with Capstone ™ and Pasco® 550 Universal Interface Ultrasonic Motion Detector Dynamics cart and track with stand, end stop, and angle indicator Harmonic spring Mass set Scale (for measuring the mass of the cart) You will be doing three activities: Activity 0. Overall big picture view of the Nittany Bouncer Activity 1. Analyzing the kinetic energy of the Nittany Bouncer Activity 2. Characterizing your spring Activity 3. Analyzing the potential energy of the Nittany Bouncer Activity 4. Experimenting on the Nittany Bouncer scale model

Penn State University Physics 211R: Lab – NA II: Conservation of Energy 2 A Capstone Skill: Using the Experiment Calculator You can use the Capstone  Calculator (“Calculator” option on the interface ) to define a calculation that uses numerical constants and your experimental data. See the separate directions sheet on how to set up calculations within the Calculator. For example, you can use the Calculator to define a calculation called Kinetic Energy. This calculation should be equal to (0.5* m *v^2 or 0.5* m *v*v). The mass m should be an Experiment Constant expressed in units of kilograms. You will be asked to define your variable v, for which you should choose “Insert Data” option by right-clicking and then select your velocity data (“Velocity, Ch 1&2”). You can similarly define a calculation called Potential Energy, and a plot of Total Energy. You can create a graphing window graphing one or both of these calculated quantities as a function of time. For example, you can create a graph of Potential Energy vs. t and then use the Add Plot button to add a graph of Kinetic Energy vs. t to the same window. To avoid confusion, be sure to use the Properties pane to set symbols for each calculated quantity to be used on graphs. If you use a trigonometric function be sure to set the DEG/RAD setting (you probably want DEG since that’s the unit used by the angle indicator on your track. FOR THIS LAB THE POSITION IS ALWAYS MEASURED FROM THE MOTION SENSOR ( do not use the rule along the track ) Only have the spring stretched when actually doing an experiment – do not leave the spring stretched when not in use! Important Trigonometric Function Note for Capstone and Excel: Excel uses Radians, not Degrees, for angles in trigonometric functions. So if your angle is 10 o , you would need to use 10  /180, not 10, in your trigonometric functions; i.e., sin(10*3.14159/180) instead of sin(10). With Capstone , be sure to set the “DEG” not “RAD” s etting in the Calculator window.

Penn State University Physics 211R: Lab – NA II: Conservation of Energy 3 Physics 211R: Lab Report Template Nittany Adventure – The Conservation of Energy (Type in this document and print these pages at the end of the laboratory) Notes: • A maximum of three students will be allowed per group. o In the event that a group of four students must be formed, you need to check with your laboratory instructor before starting to work on the activity. • All the members of the group must participate in the activity. If a student is not participating (even when present) s/he may receive a score of zero in the activity. • Students arriving 10 minutes or more past start will not be admitted. • This activity must be returned at the end of the lab period. All the students completing the activity must be present when handing this to the laboratory instructor; a student not present at this time may not get credit for the activity. o Writing the name of a person not present is not permissible and may result in a potential academic integrity violation being processed. • After you receive the graded report back, you should make a copy of the front page (this page) and keep it for you records. This will serve as evidence of your grade for this activity. • You are responsible for checking your grade (in the course website) and report any mistakes to your laboratory instructor within two weeks after the activity. Date: __10/24/23______________ Enter your name as it appears in your PSU registration, no nicknames please. Name: Aparna Raghu Section # 033R Name: Amanda Haft Section # 033R Name: Olivia Cichocki Section # 033R Clean Up Check: After you finish working and completing the lab report, you need to clean and organize your working area. Then call one of your laboratory instructors who will check your area, initialize below and take the lab report. All the members of the group must be present at that time. If you leave the lab before your laboratory instructor performs the check up, you will be deducted 5 points from your score for this lab report. Laboratory Instructor Initials: ____YL___ Score: _______

Penn State University Physics 211R: Lab – NA II: Conservation of Energy 4 Nittany Adventure (Conservation of Energy) You are developing a new ride for the amusement park, Nittany Adventure , pictured below. The car (and riders) bounce up and down the ramp, hence the name Nittany Bouncer . You will need all your understanding of force and energy to successfully characterize the behavior of this ride. For today, you are working with a small-scale model of the ride and will characterize some of its important aspects. Use an angle between 15 and 20 degrees for this entire experiment Lab Activity 0: The Big Picture Q1. To think about the energy in the Nittany bouncer, draw bar charts showing the gravitational and spring potential as well as kinetic energies at three locations: at the very top (from where the car is released), halfway down, and at the very bottom of the car’s trajectory along the track. Although you are free in general to choose the zero of potential energies to be anywhere you want them to be (only changes in potential energy matter), please use the motion sensor as the zero point of gravitational potential energy and the spring at its relaxed length (x = x o ) as the zero point of elastic potential energy. Top Halfway Down Bottom

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